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[34]Helen Vendler, “Poetry and the Mediation of Value: Whitman on Lincoln,” Tanner Lecture on Human Values delivered at the University of Michigan, October 29 and 30, 1999, online at www.tannerlectures.utah.edu/lectures/Vendler_01.pdf, pp. 147—148.Vendler教授同我分享了她对惠特曼的看法，对此我十分感激。
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[35]Whitman, “O Captain! My Captain,” in Civil War Poetry and Prose, p. 34.
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[36]Whitman, “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d,” in Civil War Poetry and Prose, pp. 27—28.
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[37]Whitman, “Pensive on Her Dead Gazing”, in Civil War Poetry and Prose, p. 38; Vendler, “Poetry and the Mediation of Value,” pp. 155—156; Whitman, “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d,” pp. 27—28, 33.
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[38]Whitman, “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d”, p. 28; Whitman, “Ashes of Soldiers”, in Civil War Poetry and Prose, pp.36, 37.
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[39]Tyler Resch, Dorset: In the Shadow of the Marble Mountain (Dorset, Vt.: Dorset Historical Society, 1989), pp. 141, 174; Nantucket Weekly Mirror, December 27, 1862,quoted in Richard F. Miller and Robert F. Mooney, The Civil War: The Nantucket Experience (Nantucket, Mass.: Wesco, 1994), p. 137.
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[40]Reverend Clark B. Stewart, Journal-Diary, 1859—1865, Works Progress Administration typescript, SCL.
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[41]L. H. Blanton, “Well Done Thou Good and Faithful Servant,” Funeral Sermon on theDeath of Rev. John W. Griffin, Chaplain of the 19th Va. Regt., August 1, 1864(Lynchburg, Va.: Power-Press Book & Job Office, 1865), p. 8
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[42]关于葬礼布道，参见Robert V. Wells, Facing the “King of Terrors”: Death and Society in an American Community, 1750—1990 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 54—56。
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[43]William J. Hoge, Sketch of Dabney Carr Harrison, Minister of the Gospel and Captain in the Army of the Confederate States of America (Richmond, Va.: Presbyterian Committee of Publication of the Confederate States, 1862), pp. 50, 51—52, 53.
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[44]Alexander Twombly, The Completed Christian Life: A Sermon Commemorative of Adjutant Richard M. Strong, 177th N.Y.S.V.(Albany, N.Y.: J. Mussell, 1863), p. 7; Philip Slaughter, A Sketch of the Life of Randolph Fairfax, A Private in the Ranks of the Rockbridge Artillery (Richmond, Va.: Tyler, Allegre and McDaniel, 1864), pp. 6, 8, 35, 39; R. L. Dabney, A Memorial of Lieut. Colonel John T. Thornton of the Third Virginia Cavalry, C.S.A. (Richmond, Va.: Presbyterian Committee of Publication of the Confederate States), pp. 6, 8; Robert Lewis Dabney, True Courage: A Discourse Commemorative of Lieutenant General Thomas J. Jackson (Richmond, Va.: Presbyterian Committee of Publication of the Confederate States, 1863), p. 4.
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[45]Charles Seymour Robinson, A Memorial Discourse: Occasioned by the Death of Lieutenant James M. Green, 4th N.Y.S.V. (Troy, N.Y.: Daily Times Printing, 1864), pp. 14, 15.
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[46]Joseph Cross, “On Grief: A Funeral Service Oration for General Daniel Donelson,” in Camp and Field: Papers from the Portfolio of an Army Chaplain (Columbia, S.C.: Evans & Cogswell, 1864), pp.68, 69, 71.
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[47]Henry I. Bowditch, “Memorial of Lt. Nathaniel Bowditch,” p. 1015, Nathaniel Bowditch Memorial Collection, MAHS.
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[48]Ibid., pp. 1015, 1048; Henry I. Bowditch to My Own Sweet Wife [Olivia Yardley Bowditch], March 19, 1863, “Manuscripts Relating to Lieutenant Nathaniel Bowditch,” vol. 2, p. 98, Nathaniel Bowditch Memorial Collection, MAHS.
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[49]Henry I. Bowditch to Darling [Olivia Yardley Bowditch], March 21, 1863, “Manuscripts Relating to Lieutenant Nathaniel Bowditch,” vol.2, p. 98, Nathaniel Bowditch Memorial Collection, MAHS; Bowditch, “Memorial,” p. 1019.关于悲伤是缺乏男子汉气概的表现，另参见H. L. Abbott to J. G. Abbott, in Robert Garth Scott, ed., Fallen Leaves
:The Civil War Letters of Major Henry Livermore Abbott (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1991), p. 140; W. D. Rutherfordto Sallie Fair Rutherford, June 12, 1862, William D. Rutherford Papers, SCL。
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[50]Henry I. Bowditch to My Darling, March 19, 1863, “Manuscripts,” vol. 2, pp. 98—100; Bowditch, “Memorial”, p. 1015.
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[51]Bowditch, “Memorial,” p. 1015; Memorials of Lieut. Nathaniel Bowditch A.A.A.G., 1st Cavalry Brigade, Second Division, Army ofthe Potomac, title page, Nathaniel Bowditch Memorial Collection, MAHS. “My Child”原以“He’s not there”题目发表于Monthly Miscellany 3(October 1840): 193—194。这首诗是“作者写给一个牧师朋友的，有关于他唯一儿子之罹难。”另参见Louis Harmon Peet, Who’s the Author?: A Guide to the Authorship of Novels, Stories, Speeches, Songs and General Writings of American Literature (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1901), p. 169与Henry I. Bowditch, “The Celebration of John Pierpont’s Centennial Birthday,” Reminiscences (Boston: n.p., 1885)。
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[52]Bowditch to My Darling, March 19, 1863; Nat的葬礼，James Freeman Clarke牧师的讲话，均来自“Manuscripts,” vol. 2, pp.97, 160—64, Nathaniel Bowditch Memorial Collection, MAHS。
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[53]Bowditch, “Memorial,” p. 1015; Henry I. Bowditch, A Brief Plea for an Ambulance System for the Army of the United States, as Drawn from the Extra Sufferings of the Late Lieutenant Bowditch and a Wounded Comrade (Boston: Ticknor & Fields, 1863).
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[54]“使具体化”（“embody”）词根为“尸体、肉体”（“body”）。——译注
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[55]该诗及后面两首诗的译文，皆引自惠特曼著、赵萝蕤译《草叶集》（上海：上海译文出版社，1991年，第571—587页，第862页）。 ——译注
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[56]原文这里为“罗伯森”（“Robertson”），当为“鲁宾逊”之误。——译注
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第六章 信仰与怀疑
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[1]John D. Sweet, The Speaking Dead. A Discourse Occasioned by the Death of Serg’t Edward Amos Adams (Boston: Commercial Printing House, 1864), pp. 6, 4, 5.
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