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1706316047
84 Luttwak’s book: Luttwak 1976.
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1706316049
84 Inka as hegemonic empire: D’Altroy 1987; Hassig 1985.
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1706316051
84 Austere, contemporary feel of Inka art and architecture: Paternosto 1996
:219-22 (influence on twentieth-century art); Thomson 2003
:60-62, 86-87, 246-49.
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1706316053
84 Qosqo and Awkaypata: Rowe 1991, 1990. I thank Patricia Lyon for sending me a copy of these articles. Descriptions of the structures are in Sarmiento de Gamboa 2000
:85-91.
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1706316056
1706316057
86 Wak’a与zeq’e:D’Altroy 2002
:155-67[“勤奋的”,156;(丹特洛伊不无嘲讽地以“(见下)”结束了自己的评论)]。他在此依赖的作品是Bauer 1998;我也是一样。可称经典的殖民时期记述来自于Cobo 1990
:51-84(“一千多名”,9)。然而正如《图书资讯》(Booknews)的一名书评人讽刺地写道,科波“对(印加)宗教的记述几乎完全倚靠此前的文献(他的雇主已然将这个主题的描述对象连根拔除)。”
1706316058
1706316059
87 历法:印加历法与印加人计算时间的方法极为复杂,因此我基本上对此进行了回避。针对这一话题的讨论,请见Aveni 1995:278-304。
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1706316061
87 Inka economics and labor system: Cobo 1979
:189-93, 211-34; La Lone 1982
:312-36; Murra 1980; Rostworowski de Diez Canseco 2001
:182-201, D’Altroy 2002
:263-86. 84 Absence of money in Europe: Braudel 1981-84 (vol.1)
:467-68.
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1706316063
87 “managed to eradicate”: Vargas Llosa 1992
:26.
1706316064
1706316066
1706316067
88 征服行动中不成比例的双方战力:对西班牙军队之精干与印加帝国之庞大的对比可最早追溯到1534年,弗朗西斯科·德·谢雷斯(Francisco de Xerez)在第一部记述西班牙征服事件的著作《秘鲁征服的真正关系》(Verdadera relación de la conquista del Perú)。“在远古时期,可曾有过这样以极少胜极多的战例吗?”他洋洋自得地写道。“而谁又能比得上西班牙呢?肯定既不是犹太人,也不是希腊人,更不是罗马人;他们的故事已经世所共知了。”谢雷斯写道,罗马人虽然征服了大片疆域,但其“人数不少于(西班牙部队),(征服的)是已知区域,有着惯常的给养,指挥长与士兵也都是雇佣军。但我们西班牙人……从不超过两三百之数,有时才一百人,甚至还不满百人……而他们远赴异域时,既没有收取费用,也没有被抓壮丁,都是自愿、自费前往的”(Xerez 1938
:16-17)。
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1706316069
88 Inka“crown”and clothes, saving of waste: Pizarro 1969
:222-26 (clothing and headband); Cobo 1979
:244-47; Ruiz de Arce 1933
:361 (spittle), cited in Hemming 2004
:51; Rowe 1946
:258-59.
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1706316074
1706316076
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1706316079
91 Ecuador campaign: Cobo 1979
:155-60 (“commanded,”155, “prepared him self,”156); Betanzos 1996
:182-83; Cieza de León 1959
:46-50, 77-78; Cabello Bal boa 1920
:84-108; Niles 1999
:97-105.Betanzos, but not Cobo, mentions Atawallpa’s disgrace; Cobo, but not Betanzos, describes Wayna Qhapaq’s dis comfiture; omissions are consonant with the chroniclers’ biases.
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1706316081
91 “When his captains”: Pizarro 1969
:198-99, 228 (vampire-bat wool).
1706316082
1706316084
1706316085
93 Washkar’s marriage and his mother’s marriage: Pachacuti Yamqui Salcamay hua 1879
:308; Cabello Balboa 1920
:120-21 (“begging,”121).
1706316086
1706316087
93 Cieza de León casualty estimates: Cieza de León 1959
:84(16,000), 87 (35,000).
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1706316089
94 头骨杯:“我看到了带皮的头颅、干涸的肉体和头发,它的牙齿闭合着,在牙齿间隙里有一根吸管,而头颅顶部被安上了一个金杯(杯底有洞,插入头骨),他(阿塔瓦尔帕)就用这金杯痛饮,追忆自己与胞弟之间的战争;他把吉开酒倒入杯中,待到酒浆从头骨口部溢出之时,再用吸管进行细酌”(Mena 1930
:250-53)。Cieza de León 1959
:84也提到了这个杯子。
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94 Pizarro and Atawallpa at Cajamarca: I draw mainly on Hemming 2004
:30-85. See also, Sanch0 1917
:9-19; Mena 1930
:231-81; Pizarro 1969
:171-221“made water,”179-80); Ruiz de Arce 1933
:363 (“mounds”), cited in Hemming 2004
:42.
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95 Spaniards and gold: Restall 2003
:22-23 (“nonperishable,”23), 34-37, 65-67.
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