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314 Cahokia description: Author’s visit; author’s interviews, Woods, Pauketat. The best recent summary is Pauketat 2009. But see also, Dalan et al. 2003; Young and Fowler 2000.
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314 Biggest population concentration: Iseminger 1997, cited in Woods 2004
:152.
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315 Controversy over mound origins: Silverberg 1968 (Bancroft, 98); Garlinghouse 2001; Kennedy 1994
:230-39; Jefferson 1894
:query X1 (excavation of“barrow”).
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317 Ouachita mounds: Saunders 1997; Pringle 1997 (“I know it,”1762). The mounds no longer overlook the fiver, which has changed its course since their construction.
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318 Psychoactive tobacco: See, e.g., Siegel et al. 1977
:18. The species is Nicotiana rustica.
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318 Origins and rise of eastern North American agriculture: Smith 1993 (“the indigenous crops in question,”14), 1989. See the similar early argument in Linton 1924
:349.
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318 东部农业复合体：比较正式的说，东部农业复合体的产物由西葫芦、假苍耳、蓼属直立虎杖草、芦草、大小麦和藜科植物。和向日葵一样，假苍耳的种子含油而可食。直立虎杖草是一种低矮的植物，其种子富含大量淀粉，亦可食用；它并非在美国东部造成隐患的日本虎杖草。芦草和小大麦都是齐膝高的草类，茎部呈穗状，由其制成的谷物或许曾被风干，并被研磨成面粉。藜科植物是一种菠菜一样的绿色植物；不幸的是，它长得有些像有毒的西方龙葵。
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319 霍普韦尔文化：Woodward and McDonald 2002；Romain 2000；Seeman 1979。对弓箭的讨论，见Browne 1938。布朗（Browne）关于弓箭发明年代相对较晚的观点长期得到公认，但近来遭到了挑战（Bradbury 1997）和重新确认（Boszhardt 2002）。
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319 Hopewell religion: Brown 1997.
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320 “stunning vigor”: Silverberg 1968
:280-89.
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320 卡霍基亚年表：卡霍基亚年表有很多不同的版本，因为其放射性碳校准得到了反复修正，不过这些差异关乎的更多是细节而非本质。我使用的是Dalan et al. 2003
:69的年表。另见Fowler 1997
:Appendix 1。
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321 London population: Weinreb and Hibbert eds. 1993
:630-32.
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321 Cahokia not a city: Woods and Wells
:200l.
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322 Synchrony and proximity of mound sites: Emerson
:2002.
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322 Engineering of Monks Mound: Woods
:2001, :2000. My thanks to Ray Mann for help in understanding the engineering and to Dr. Woods for a copy of these and other papers.
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323 Pauketat’s model: Pauketat 1998; 1997
:30-51; 1994
:esp. chap. 7.
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323 Burials in small mound: Fowler et al. 1999.
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323 Slow introduction of maize: Riley et al. (1994) dated maize found near Cahokia from 170 B.C.-60 A.D.
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323 Maize not important to Hopewell: interviews, Woods; Lynott et al. 1986.
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324 Widespread land clearing: Lopinot and Woods 1993.
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326 Sedimentation evidence for flooding: Holley and Brown 1989, cited in Woods 2004
:155; Woods 2003; Stinchcomb et al. 2011 (Delaware). See also, Holden 1996, Neumann 2002
:150-51.
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326 Haudenosaunee villages: Day 1953
:332-34 (six square miles, Denonville, 333; “hundreds of acres,”338).
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327 American chestnuts: Kummer 2003; Mann and Plummer 2002.
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