1706317224
1706317225
418 European intellectualss’ fascination: Calloway 1997
:189-91; DelUge 1992; Grinde and Johansen 1991
:Chap. 3; Brandon 1986 (Utopia, 9-22; operetta, 103-04); Hobbes 1985 (quotes, 186-87).
1706317226
1706317227
419 Colonists and Indians’ mingled lives: Calloway 1997
:1-8, 184-94 (“described,”185); Johansen 1987
:40-42 (Franklin); Jefferson 1859 (“Peaches, etc.,”6
:149).
1706317228
1706317229
420 Indian freedoms: Josephy ed. 1993
:29; DelUge 1992; Venables 1992 (“Every man,”235); Weatherford 1988
:157-61; Jaenen 1976
:29-31; Colden 1747
:100 (“such absolute”).
1706317230
1706317231
420 Dislike of Indian liberties: Jaenen 1976
:88-92 (perrot, Hennepin, Jesuit); seealso, Charlevoix 1744: vol.3,321-22.
1706317232
1706317233
420 Social equality: DelSge 1992; Brandon 1986
:81-95 (editions, translations); Montaigne 1992
:233 (“their houses”); Charlevoix 1744
:vol.3, 308,341-42; Lahontan I703
:Vo1.2, 8 (“among them”).
1706317234
1706317235
421 Attractiveness of native lives: Axtell 1975 (“When an Indian child,”57); Salisbury 1982
:128-33 (Pilgrims dismayed by number of runaways); Wilson 1999
:67, (fleeing Jamestown). Axtell’s conclusions were sharply critiqued in Vaughan and Richter 1980; Axtell’s response (1981
:351) was convincing, at least to me. See also Calloway 1986; Treckel and Axtell 1976.
1706317236
1706317237
422 Attempt to suppress ideas of liberty: Jaenen 1976:95 (all quotes).
1706317238
1706317239
423 Adaptive changes: Axtell 1981a (“Enemy Indians,”302; “linked to America,”304).
1706317240
1706317241
423 Scoffing historians: Taylor 2005 (“coercive colonists”—he was reviewing the first edition of this book); Jennings 1996
:86.
1706317242
1706317243
424 Winthrop’s hopes: Winthrop 1838 (“in submission,”30; Calloway 1997
:194 (“divinely ordained”).
1706317244
1706317245
425 Indian slavery and Mason-Dixon line: Snyder 2010; Taylor 2005 (“catch runaways”); Gallay 2002; Laubrich 1913.
1706317246
1706317247
附录
1706317248
1706317249
428 “I abhor”: Quoted at http://www.russellmeans.com/russell.html.
1706317250
1706317251
429 带有侮辱性质的称谓：这与地理风貌以及美国体育队对印第安名字的使用是两码事，虽然前者长期以来一直使印第安人颇为不快。比如说，人们在禁止加州大型滑雪场斯阔谷（SquawValley）的“斯阔”一词上付出了多方面的努力，因为该词是阴道的俗称，对土著妇女大为不敬。然而从语言学上来说，这是错误的；“斯阔”在过去只是一个再普通不过的阿尔冈琴词汇，意思是“女人”。但这并不意味着它在如今依然应该得到使用。对指称某个特定族群妇女词汇的相似使用，很难见于其它语境之中；人们很难想象一个度假胜地的名字叫“犹太女人谷”或是“女黑人谷”。美国首都橄榄球队的名称，华盛顿红皮队（Washington Redskins）的名称也不幸落伍得很。该队认为，这个名字的本意是颂扬印第安人的斗士精神，而这是一种好的品质，因此也不含贬义。但这就好像是把一个舞蹈队称为纽约小黑孩队（the New York Pickaninnies），然后说这名字的本意是颂扬非裔美国人与生俱来的节奏感，而这是一种好的品质一样。
1706317252
1706317253
430 “Snowshoe,”“people who”: Goddard 1984; Mailhot 1978.
1706317254
1706317255
431 Crosby on civilization: Crosby 2002
:71. See also, Wright 2005
:32-33.
1706317256
1706317257
432 “Tribe’ and ‘chiefdom’ ”: Kehoe 2002
:245.
1706317258
1706317259
435 Khipu: For a brief overview, see Mann 2003.
1706317260
1706317261
436 “resembles a mop”: Joseph 1992,
:28.
1706317262
1706317263
436 Governor consults khipu: Collapifia, Supno et al. 1921.
1706317264
1706317265
436 Khipu are banned: Urton 2003
:22, 49.
1706317266
1706317267
436 洛克与米德对奇普的看法：Mead 1923（“这个谜团”，n.p.）。洛克（1923：32）的观点与米德并无二致：“从本质上说，证据不利于认为奇普是一种传统文字设计的推想”（原文即为斜体）。对破译的另一早期尝试见Nordenskiöld 1979。
1706317268
1706317269
437 “Inka had no writing” : Fagan 1991
:50.
1706317270
1706317271
437 Aschers’ work: Interview, R. Ascher ( “clearly non-numerical”); Ascher and Ascher 1997:87 ( “rapidly developing”).
1706317272
1706317273
437 Urton and khipu writing: Urton 2003.
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.706317224e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]