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401 De Soto never saw bison: Crosby I986
:213.
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401 La Salle’s buffalo: Parkman 1983 (vo1.1)
:765.
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401 “post-Columbian abundance”: Geist I998
:62-63.
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402 Elk begin to appear: Kay 1995.
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402 California: Preston 2002 (Drake, rag).
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403 “The virgin forest”: Pyne 1982
:46-47.See also, Jennings 1975
:30.
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403 “artificial wilderness”: I borrow the phrase from Callicott and Nelson eds.1998
:11.
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403 More“forest primeval”in nineteenth century: Denevan 1992a
:377-81 (“pristine myth”article).
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1706317191
406 Cronon, academic brouhaha: Cronon 1995a, 1995b; Soulfi and Lease eds. 1995; Callicott and Nelson eds. 1998 (“Euro-American men,”2). An abridged version of Cronon 1996b appeared in the New York Times Sunday Magazine, 13 Aug. 1995.
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407 Making gardens: Janzen 1998.
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407 Creating future environments: I have borrowed the phrase and the thought from McCann 1999a:3.
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11. 和平大律法
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411 Nabokov in New York: Boyd 1991
:11-12.
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412 豪德诺索尼人的早期历史，德甘纳威达的故事：Fenton 1998；snow 1994
:58-65；Hertzberg 1966。德甘纳威达的“结巴”或许表明他来自于一个使用阿尔冈琴语的群体；豪德诺索尼人把阿尔冈琴语的发音方式认作口吃。一些阿尔冈琴族学者相信，德甘纳威达把本族的政治文化知识传播给了豪德诺索尼人。按照这种观点来看，豪德诺索尼人被视为相对后来的外人。
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413 Rules of operation: Tooker 1988
:312-27. The basic source is Morgan 1901
:77ff.
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414 Checks and balances: Grinde 1992
:235-40; Tehanetorens 1971“especially important,”sec. 93; impeachment grounds and procedures, secs. 19-25, 39 (“warnings,”sec. 19); rights of individuals and nations, secs. 93-98). A modern translat.ion is online at http://www.iroquoisdemocracy.pdx, edu/html/greatlaw.html.
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415 “they will not conclude”: Williams 1936
:201.
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415 易洛魁女性：Wagner 2001；Parker 1911
:252-53（“在男性面前以请愿者身份出现，恳求获取政治权利的当代美国女性可曾想过，生活在五百年前的纽约州的红皮肤女人有着比她们多得多的政治权利，也享受着比二十世纪文明下的女性要大得多的自由度吗？”）。感谢罗伯特·克里斯帮我拿到了这篇文章。
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416 Underwood’s estimate: cited in Johansen 1995
:62.
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1706317213
416 Condolence Canes: Barreiro and Cornelius eds. 1991; Fenton 1983.
1706317214
1706317215
416 Age of council: Mann and Fields 1997. See also, Johansen 1995.
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416 作为第二古老的豪德诺索尼议会制：瑞士的一些州有着更为古老的、而且长期持续运转的议会制。但我没有把它们纳入讨论，因为和这些单独的州更有可比性的是豪德诺索尼的各个族群，而非作为一个整体的豪德诺索尼联盟。
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417 Great Law as inspiration: Grinde and Johansen 1991; Grinde 1977; Johansen 1987; Wright 1992:94 (“Their whole”).
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417 Differences between Constitution and Great Law: Venables 1992
:74-124.
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417 “Pluralistic achievements”: Bailey 2005
:19.
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