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1706392011
27.B. Brue, Journal de la Campagne que le Grand Vezir Ali Pacha a faite en 1715 pour la Conquête de la Morée (Paris, 1870), p. 38; Cantemir quoted in Warriner, ed. , Contrasts, p. 128.
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1706392013
28.J. Koliopoulos, Brigands with a Cause (Oxford, 1987), p. 239; D. Urquhart, The Spirit of the East, Illustrated in a Journal of Travels through Roumeli during an Eventful Period (London, 1838), vol. 2, p. 150.
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1706392015
29.D. Urquhart, The Spirit of the East, ii, pp. 157, 162-163.
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1706392017
30.McGowan, Economic Life, p. 65; F. Adanir, “Tradition and Rural Change in Southeastern Europe during Ottoman Rule”, in D. Chirot (ed. ), The Origins of Backwardness in Eastern Europe (Berkeley, 1989), p. 135.
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31.Leake cited in Inalcik and Quataert, Economic and Social History, p. 689.
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32.H. Lowry, “‘From Lesser Wars to the Mightiest War’
:the Ottoman Conquest and Transformation of Byzantine Urban Centers in the Fifteenth Century”, in Lowry, Studies in Defterology (Istanbul, 1992), pp. 47-65.
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1706392023
33.S. Vryonis, “Religious Change and Continuity in the Balkans and Anatolia from 14th through the 17th Century”, in Vryonis. ed. , Islam and Cultural Change in the Middle Ages (Wiesbaden, 1975), pp. 130-132.
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34.Cf. M. Kiel, Studies on the Ottoman Architecture of the Balkans (Variorum, 1990), introduction, and S. Curcic and E. Hadjitryphonos, eds. , Secular Medieval Architecture in the Balkans, 1300-1500 and Its Preservation (Thessaloniki, 1997). For population figures, see“Istanbul”, Encyclopaedia of Islam, vol. . 4, pp. 226-246; other cities from J. de Vries, European Urbanization, 1500-1800 (Cambridge, 1984), pp. 270-287; Lithgow, Rare Adventures, p. 179; R. Halsband, ed. The Complete Letters, vol 1. 1 p. 354.
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35.T. Stoianovich, “Model and Mirror of the Premodern Balkan City”in his Between East and West
:The Balkan and Mediterranean Worlds, vol. 2, (Economies and Societies) (New Rochelle, 1992), p. 108; see also his“the Conquering Balkan Orthodox Merchant”in ibid. , pp. 1-77.
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36.T. Stoianovich, Balkan Worlds, p. 75; The Negotiations of Sir Thomas Roe in His Embassy to the Ottoman Porte from the Year 1621 to 1628 Inclusive (London, 1740), p. 67; von Tietz, St Petersburgh, p. 79; J. J. Best, Excursions in Albania (London, 1842), p. 188; Warriner, ed. , Contrasts, p. 146; H. Andorov, ed. , British Documents on the History of the Macedonian People (Skopje, 1968), I, p. 287.
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1706392031
37.T. Stoianovich, “Balkan peasants and landlords”, p. 30.
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38.Ibid, p. 38 n. 80; Evans, Through Bosnia, pp. 334-336.
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39.Blanqui in Warriner, Contrasts, pp. 216, 244; Smyth, Year with the Turk, p. 224.
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1706392037
40.J. K. Campbell, Honour, Family and Patronage (Oxford, 1964), p. 15.
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1706392039
41.R. Bicanic, How the People Live
:Life in the Passive Regions (Dept. of Anthropology, Univ. of Mass, Amherst, Sept. 1981), p. 52; Lampe and Jackson, Balkan Economic History, pp. 193-194; H. L. Roberts, Rumania
:Political Problems of an Agrarian State (New York, 1969 ed. ), pp. 3-9.
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1706392041
42.C. Bracewell, The Uskoks of Senj
:Piracy, Banditry and Holy War in the Sixteenth Century Adriatic (Ithaca N. Y. , 1992), p. 31; Djilas, Land without Justice, pp. 142, 201.
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43.Warriner, Contrasts, p. 298; Palairet, Balkan Economies, p. 122; on the village, see N. Iorga, Etudes Byzantines (Bucharest, 1939), vol. 1 , p. 172.
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44.A. Hulme Beaman, Twenty Years in the Near East (London, 1898), p. 121.
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45.Bicanic, How the People Live, pp. 121-123; K. Mandelbaum, The Industrialization of Backward Areas (Oxford, 1945), p. 2.
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1706392049
46.S. Runciman, “Balkan Cities-Yesterday and Today”, in D. W. Hoover and J. Koumoulides, eds. , Cities in History (Muncie, Indiana, 1977), pp. 1-13.
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第二章 民族兴起之前
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1.M. Avgerinos, Makedonika Apomnimonevmata (Athens, 1914), p. 10.
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2.E. Durham, The Burden of the Balkans (London, 1905), pp. 143-144.
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3.H. N. Brailsford, Macedonia
:Its races and their Future (London, 1906), pp. 99-100.
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4.H. Lowther to E. Grey, 2 October, 1912, in B. Destani, ed. , Albania and Kosovo
:Political and Ethnic Boundaries, 1867-1946 (London, 1999), p. 292.
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