打字猴:1.70642524e+09
1706425240 [3] 多年以来有关学者引用的都是高得多的伤亡数字,不过在Preston发表的该领域最新也最为严谨的研究当中,虽然对西班牙共和国抱有高度同情,他却使用了这一更小的估数,并对其来源给出了解释。
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1706425242 [4] Estes and Kowalsky,p.87;quoted in Beevor,Antony. The Battle for Spain:The Spanish Civil War,1936-1939. New York:Penguin,2006.,p.233.
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1706425244 [5] “Inquirer Doubtful on Guernica Fire;No Evidence Is Found That Basque Town Was Set Aflame by Bombs from Planes,” New York Times,5 May 1937.
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1706425246 [6] Drew Pearson’s syndicated “Washington Merry-Go-round” column,6 November 1955 and 19 December 1959.
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1706425248 [7] Lerude,Warren,and Marion Merriman. American Commander in Spain:Robert Hale Merriman and the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Reno:University of Nevada Press,1986.,p.126;Merriman Diary,18 July 1937.
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1706425250 [8] 多萝西·帕克(Dorothy Parker,1893~1967),美国作家,代表作有《足够长的绳索》等。
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1706425252 [9] Lerude,Warren,and Marion Merriman. American Commander in Spain:Robert Hale Merriman and the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Reno:University of Nevada Press,1986.,p.143;Marion Merriman manuscript,Robert Hale Merriman Papers,ALBA 191,Box 2,Folder 1.这名拿对党的忠诚说事的追求者是沃勒什·山多尔。
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1706425254 [10] “Madrid’s Foreign Defenders,” Nation,4 September 1937;Merriman Diary,9 July 1937.
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1706425256 [11] Gurney,Jason. Crusade in Spain. London:Faber and Faber,1974.,p.56.
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1706425258 [12] Voros,Sandor. American Commissar. Philadelphia:Chilton,1961.,p.328.
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1706425260 [13] Gurney,Jason. Crusade in Spain. London:Faber and Faber,1974.,pp.139,151.
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1706425262 [14] “Pingpong Enlivens Spanish War Lull,” 24 May 1937;Cowles,Virginia. Looking for Trouble. New York:Harper & Brothers,1941.,p.43.
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1706425264 [15] Gurney,Jason. Crusade in Spain. London:Faber and Faber,1974.,pp.143,161-162.
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1706425266 [16] 一个罕见的例外是William Herrick,参见第22章注释30。
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1706425268 [17] Gurney,Jason. Crusade in Spain. London:Faber and Faber,1974.,p.151.
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1706425270 [18] 帕特尼辩论(Putney Debates)是英国革命时期独立派高级军官和平等派进行的一场辩论。为解决两派围绕未来国家政治制度问题产生的分歧,双方于1647年10月28日在伦敦郊外的帕特尼教堂举行全军会议,就重大的政治原则问题展开讨论。争论的焦点是国家政权形式和普选权。独立派主张保留国王和上院,平等派针锋相对,一致要求废除君主制和上院,由人民和人民选举的下院行使最高权力;平等派坚持普选权的原则,独立派则认为选举权应有财产资格限制,实行普选权会造成对私有财产的威胁。两派分歧难以调和,未获结果。11月11日克伦威尔下令中止会议。
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1706425272 [19] 3 May 1937,Dallet,p.35;Cusick,Lois [Orr]. “Spain,1936-1937.” 1961. An earlier draft of “Anarchist Millennium,” courtesy of Elizabeth Cusick;a copy is at the Labadie Collection,University of Michigan Library.,p.273.
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1706425274 [20] 曼努埃尔·阿萨尼亚(Manuel Azaña,1880~1940),西班牙内战时任共和国总统,共和国被推翻后流亡法国。
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1706425276 [21] Cusick,Lois [Orr]. “Anarchist Millennium:Memories of the Spanish Revolution of 1936-37.” 1979. Unpublished ms.,courtesy of Elizabeth Cusick;a copy is at the Hoover Institution Library,Stanford University.,p.294.
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1706425278 [22] Orwell,George. Orwell in Spain:The Full Text of Homage to Catalonia with Associated Articles,Reviews,and Letters from The Complete Works of George Orwell. Ed. Peter Davison. London:Penguin,2001.,p.183.
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1706425280 [23] Walter Tapsell,“Report on the English Section of the P.O.U.M.,” International Brigade Collection,Box C 13/7,Marx Memorial Library,London. 关于对当时巴塞罗那社会背景的概述,参见Bowker关于西班牙的章节。Stradling对此亦有论述,不过,在其George Orwell’s Commander in Spain:The Enigma of Georges Kopp(London:Thames River Press,2013)一书中,Marc Wildermeersch对 Stradling 认为的Kopp当时在向共产党汇报布莱尔夫妇动向的观点进行了有力反驳。
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1706425282 [24] Orwell,George. Orwell in Spain:The Full Text of Homage to Catalonia with Associated Articles,Reviews,and Letters from The Complete Works of George Orwell. Ed. Peter Davison. London:Penguin,2001.,pp.103-104,111,112,119.
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1706425284 [25] Charles to his mother,8 May 1937,Orr,p.161.
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1706425286 [26] Povedano,Manuel Aguilera. “Los hechos de mayo de 1937:Efectivos y bajas de cada bando,” Hispania 73(245),September-December 2013.,p.799ff.
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1706425288 [27] 15 May 1937,Orr,p.162;Cusick,Lois [Orr]. “Anarchist Millennium:Memories of the Spanish Revolution of 1936-37.” 1979. Unpublished ms.,courtesy of Elizabeth Cusick;a copy is at the Hoover Institution Library,Stanford University.,p.303.
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