打字猴:1.706425526e+09
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1706425527 [15] June 1937,Martha Gellhorn Papers,Box 4,Folder 122.Gellhorn,p.52中也出现了这封信。
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1706425529 [16] Gurney,Jason. Crusade in Spain. London:Faber and Faber,1974.,pp.164,166,168-170.
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1706425531 [17] Gurney,Jason. Crusade in Spain. London:Faber and Faber,1974.,pp.171-173.
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1706425533 [18] Fredericka Martin to Peter Wyden,21 December 1984以及Martin的一则注释,均存于 Fredericka Martin Papers,ALBA 001,Box 18,Folder 41。
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1706425535 [19] Gurney,Jason. Crusade in Spain. London:Faber and Faber,1974.,p.176.
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1706425537 [20] Vaill,Amanda. Hotel Florida:Truth,Love,and Death in the Spanish Civil War. New York:Farrar,Straus and Giroux,2014.,p.176中是这样认为的。
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1706425539 [21] Herbst,Josephine. The Starched Blue Sky of Spain and Other Memoirs. New York:HarperPerennial,1992.,pp.154,150.
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1706425541 [22] George Packer,“The Spanish Prisoner,” New Yorker,31 October 2005,p.85.罗夫莱斯之死令这两位知名作家的友谊破裂,关于这一件事,相关文字表述颇多,包括两本专题书籍,作者分别为Martínez de Pisón 和Koch。Koch的书令人失望,除了存在其他一些问题之外,他还几乎没有对回忆录、日记和数名当事人在他们各自的小说作品中对这一系列事件进行的虚构性描写做出区分。Preston就这一话题进行了不错的简单讨论,参见Preston,Paul. We Saw Spain Die:Foreign Correspondents in the Spanish Civil War. New York:Skyhorse,2009.,“The Lost Generation Divided:Hemingway,Dos Passos,and the Disappearance of José Robles”。
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1706425543 [23] Schwartz,Stephen. “Reading the Runes:New Perspectives on the Spanish Civil War,” Arena 2,February 2011.,p.115.同之前“至少50人被杀”的估算(Alba and Schwartz,p.232)相比,这一估计数字显然经过了下调。有些来源给出的估计数字更高:“据说”单在巴塞罗那一地,就有40人被处决(cf. Thomas,Hugh. The Spanish Civil War. Revised edition. New York:Random House,2001.,p.786)。
1706425544
1706425545 [24] Orwell,George. Orwell in Spain:The Full Text of Homage to Catalonia with Associated Articles,Reviews,and Letters from The Complete Works of George Orwell. Ed. Peter Davison. London:Penguin,2001.,p.128.
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1706425547 [25] 此人为帕尔米罗·陶里亚蒂(Palmiro Togliatti),意大利共产党领袖。Escritos sobre la Guerra de España(Barcelona:Critica,1980),p.232,quoted in Payne,Stanley. The Spanish Civil War,the Soviet Union,and Communism. New Haven:Yale University Press,2004.,p.231.
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1706425549 [26] “The May Days and My Arrest,” Orr,p.196.
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1706425551 [27] Estes,Kenneth W.,and Daniel Kowalsky. The Spanish Civil War. Detroit:St. James,2005.,p.267.
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1706425553 [28] Cusick,Lois [Orr]. “Spain,1936-1937.” 1961. An earlier draft of “Anarchist Millennium,” courtesy of Elizabeth Cusick;a copy is at the Labadie Collection,University of Michigan Library.,pp.245-246;Orwell,George. Orwell in Spain:The Full Text of Homage to Catalonia with Associated Articles,Reviews,and Letters from The Complete Works of George Orwell. Ed. Peter Davison. London:Penguin,2001.,pp.188-189.
1706425554
1706425555 [29] Balfour,Sebastian. Deadly Embrace:Morocco and the Road to the Spanish Civil War. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2002.,pp.278,312.
1706425556
1706425557 [30] Herbst,Josephine. The Starched Blue Sky of Spain and Other Memoirs. New York:HarperPerennial,1992.,p.138;“Night Before Battle,” Hemingway 2,p.449.
1706425558
1706425559 [31] Hemingway to Benjamin Glazer?,一封新近发现的日期不详的信。“Hemingway,Your Letter Has Arrived,” New York Times,10 February 2008.
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1706425561 [32] 威斯坦·休·奥登(Wystan Hugh Auden,1907~1973),英裔美国诗人,代表作有《西班牙》《新年书信》《忧虑的时代》等。
1706425562
1706425563 [33] “A Conversation with Claud Cockburn,” The Review 11-12,p.51,quoted in Alex Zwerdling,Orwell and the Left(New Haven:Yale University Press,1974),p.8.
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1706425565 [34] 3 February 1939,Martha Gellhorn Papers,Box 4,Folder 122.
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1706425567 [35] “Behind the Fighting Fronts:In the Two Clashing Spains,” New York Times,9 January 1938.
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1706425569 [36] 作为仅有的几名笔下稍微对这一领域有所涉及的外国人之一,奥地利社会学家Franz Borkenau曾参观过许多这类企业,他的Spanish Cockpit一书受到了奥威尔的高度称赞。另一名外国见证者H.-E. Kaminski在Ceux de Barcelone(Paris:Edition Denoël,1937)中的描述则想象有余而严谨不足。西班牙共和国拥有一个强有力的宣传部门,里面的审查官们会奉命将外国记者报道中有关革命事件新闻的部分删除。然而这并不能解释这方面报道的短缺,因为在这场战争的大部分时间里,审查制度相对来说漏洞百出,能被记者们轻松绕开。例如,赫伯特·马修斯发现,如果巴黎分社给他打电话的时间正好的话,“通常负责监听的那个西班牙审查官是肯定会出去吃晚饭的”(Matthews,Herbert L. The Education of a Correspondent. New York:Harcourt Brace,1946.,p.119)。
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1706425571 [37] Cusick,Lois [Orr]. “Spain,1936-1937.” 1961. An earlier draft of “Anarchist Millennium,” courtesy of Elizabeth Cusick;a copy is at the Labadie Collection,University of Michigan Library.,p.193.
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