打字猴:1.70654874e+09
1706548740
1706548741 [35] Pearson,L. 1987 The Greek Historians of the West:Timaeus and his Predecessors. Atlanta,157-163,238,245-250.
1706548742
1706548743 [36] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,13.43.6.
1706548744
1706548745 [37] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,11.1.4。
1706548746
1706548747 [38] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,12.26a-b。
1706548748
1706548749 [39] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,20.14.1-7,13.86.3,20.65.1。
1706548750
1706548751 [40] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,13.3.4。
1706548752
1706548753 [41] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,13.57.4-5,13.86.2-3。
1706548754
1706548755 [42] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,13.90.1-6。
1706548756
1706548757 [43] Hoyos,B. D. 2003 Hannibal’s Dynasty:Power and Politics in the Western Mediterranean 247-183 BC. London,212-222;Lancel,S. 1999 Hannibal,tr. Antonia Nevill. Oxford,25-28.
1706548758
1706548759 [44] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7(21.38.3)也读过辛西乌斯·阿里门图斯(Cincius Alimentus)的著作,后者事实上在第二次布匿战争期间为汉尼拔所俘。
1706548760
1706548761 [45] 关于波利比乌斯的《历史》(Histories)的研究见Champion,C. 2004 Cultural Politics in Polybius’ Histories. Berkeley,Walbank,F. W. 1957-79 A Historical Commentary on Polybius. 3 vols. Oxford。
1706548762
1706548763 [46] Walbank,F. W. 1985 Selected Papers:Studies in Greek and Roman History and Historiography. Cambridge,262-279.
1706548764
1706548765 [47] Walbank,F. W. 1985 Selected Papers:Studies in Greek and Roman History and Historiography. Cambridge,272,但波利比乌斯对蒂迈欧的指控之一,是后者以蔑视的态度对待其他历史学家。
1706548766
1706548767 [48] Walbank,F. W. 1957-79 A Historical Commentary on Polybius. 3 vols. Oxford,I:63-130;Walbank,F. W. 1985 Selected Papers:Studies in Greek and Roman History and Historiography. Cambridge,77-98;Scuderi,R. 2002 ‘Filino di Agrigento’,in Vattuone(ed.)2002,277-284.
1706548768
1706548769 [49] Plutarch Pomp. 11.3-4.
1706548770
1706548771 [50] Harden,D. 1939 ‘The Topography of Punic Carthage’,Greece and Rome《希腊与罗马》,9,25:1-12,关于这座被焚毁城市的其他考古学证据可参见Docter,R. et al. 2006 ‘Carthage Bir Massouda:Second Preliminary Report on the Bilateral Excavations of Ghent University and the Institut National du Patrimoine(2003-2004)’,Bulletin antieke Beschavung《古代文明学报》,75-76。
1706548772
1706548773 [51] Lancel,S. 1995 Carthage:A History,tr. Antonia Nevill. Oxford,199-204.
1706548774
1706548775 [52] Huss,W. 1985 Geschichte der Karthager. Munich,481-483.
1706548776
1706548777 [53] Lipinski 1988b,169-174.
1706548778
1706548779 [54] Lipinski 1988b,169-174.
1706548780
1706548781 [55] Dubuisson,M. 1983 ‘L’image du carthaginois dans la littérature latine’,in E. Gubel,E. Lipiński & B. Servais-Soyez(eds.)1983 Redt Tyrus=Sauvons Tyr. Histoire Phénicienne=Fenicische Geschiedenis. Leuven. 159-67;Starks,J. 1999 ‘Fides Aeneia:The Transference of Punic Stereotypes in the Aeneid’,Classical Journal,259-260.
1706548782
1706548783 [56] Bernal,M. 1987 Black Athena:The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization,vol. 1. Piscataway,352,355.
1706548784
1706548785 [57] 与众多迦太基陵墓一样,这座陵墓因地震及后来的城市开发而遭到严重破坏,但幸存的部分足以让考古学者通过坚持不懈的努力来重现这座建筑的原貌。每一个迦太基建筑学学者面临的问题,与文学学者面临的问题是一样的:材料稀缺。后世罗马城市的开发与蓄意的毁坏令这些建筑殆无孑遗。历经古代与现代劫难幸存下来的寥寥无几的样本往往坐落于迦太基北非领土的东部与西部边缘地区。关于大莱普提斯(Leptis Magna)、奥意(Oea,今的黎波里)和萨布拉塔的起源可参见Longerstay 1995,828-833。萨布拉塔的陵墓也非一人专有。在距萨布拉塔陵墓仅100米外的地方掘出一栋类似的建筑,而另一个陵墓则在阿尔及利亚西部的奥兰(Oran)附近被发现。
1706548786
1706548787 [58] Di Vita,A. 1976:‘Il mausoleo punico-ellenistico B di Sabratha’,Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Römische Abteilung《徳国考古学会罗马学分会公报》,83,1:273-85
1706548788
1706548789 [59] 例如,呈公羊角状,中间夹有一片棕榈叶的螺旋形爱奥尼亚式首都曾长期未受到希腊世界的喜爱,但其自公元前4世纪起成为迦太基建筑学中极为流行的元素(Lancel,S. 1995 Carthage:A History,tr. Antonia Nevill. Oxford,311)。
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