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[18] Moscati,S. 1986 Italia Punica. Milan,47-48.
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[19] Van Dommelen,P. 1998 In Colonial Grounds:A Comparative Study of Colonialism and Rural Settlement in First Millennium BC West Central Sardinia. Leiden,151-156.
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[20] 这位神灵的脚下经常刻着一朵莲花,它在腓尼基传统中象征着生命与重生(Bonnet,C. 1986 ‘Le culte de Melqart à Carthage. Un cas de conservatisme religieux’,in Bonnet,Lipiński & Marchetti(eds.)1986,182-186)。
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[21] 例如在尤蒂卡发现的,一柄仪式用剃刀上刻着赫拉克勒斯与一头巨大的公牛搏斗的场景。这一主题图案受到了西西里希腊城市歇利伦特和索拉斯的巨大影响(Bonnet,C. 1986 ‘Le culte de Melqart à Carthage. Un cas de conservatisme religieux’,in Bonnet,Lipiński & Marchetti(eds.)1986,195)。几个香料瓶也被发现刻有赫拉克勒斯像,其中一个瓶子上刻的是赫拉克勒斯与阿喀琉斯在一起。
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[22] Lancel,S. 1995 Carthage:A History,tr. Antonia Nevill. Oxford,207.
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[23] Athenaeus,The Deipnosophists [The Learned Banqueters],ed. & tr. S. Olson & C. Gulick. 7 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1927-41,392d.
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[24] Bonnet,C. 1986 ‘Le culte de Melqart à Carthage. Un cas de conservatisme religieux’,in Bonnet,Lipiński & Marchetti(eds.)1986,220-222.
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[25] Green,P. 1990 Alexander to Actium:The Hellenistic Age. London,187.
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[26] 关于阿加托克利斯的早期人生与飞黄腾达,直至成为一名独裁君主的历程参见Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,19.2.1-19.9.7。
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[27] 参见Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,17.23.2-3;关于阿加托克利斯与亚历山大之间的联系见Zambon,E. 2006 ‘From Agathocles to Hieron II:The Birth and Development of Basileia in Hellenistic Sicily’,in Lewis(ed.)2006,77-94。
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[28] Zambon,E. 2006 ‘From Agathocles to Hieron II:The Birth and Development of Basileia in Hellenistic Sicily’,in Lewis(ed.)2006,82-83.
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[29] Plautus,Mostellaria [The Haunted House],in The Merchant [etc.],ed. & tr. P. Nixon. Cambridge,Mass.,1924,775-777.
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[30] Hoyos,B. D. 1994 ‘Barcid “proconsuls” and Punic politics,237-218 B.C.’,Rheinisches Museum für Philologie,255-256.
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[31] Isocrates,To Nicocles,ed. & tr. S. Usher. Warminster,1990,24.
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[32] 直至公元前3世纪,将军仍是从政治精英中选拔而出,且往往担任苏菲特一职(Drews,R. 1979 ‘Phoenicians,Carthage and the Spartan Eunomia’,American Journal of Philology《美国语言学杂志》,55)。关于公民大会决定将领人选的事实见Aristotle,Politics,ed. & tr. H. Rackham. Cambridge,Mass.,1932,2.8.9;Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,25.8。
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[33] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,20.10.2-4.
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[34] Pearson,L. 1987 The Greek Historians of the West:Timaeus and his Predecessors. Atlanta,41.
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[35] Justin,Apologies,ed. A. Blunt. Cambridge,1911,22.2.
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[36] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,19.71.6-7.
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[37] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,19.72.1-2。
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[38] Justin,Apologies,ed. A. Blunt. Cambridge,1911,22.3;Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,19.72.2.
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[39] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,19.106.1-4.
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[40] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,19.106.5-19.110.5。
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[41] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,19.106.5,20.3.1-3。
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[42] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,20.3.3。
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