打字猴:1.706552233e+09
1706552233 [27] Cicero,On Divination Book 1,ed. & tr. D. Wardle. Oxford,2006,1.24.48.
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1706552235 [28] Brizzi,G. 1995 ‘L’Armée et la guerre’,in Krings(ed.)1995,309.
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1706552237 [29] Cornelius Nepos,Hamilcar,Hannibal,Timoleon,in Lives of Eminent Commanders,ed. & tr. J. Rolfe. London,1929. 23.13.3.这些著作据说载有对罗马将领格奈乌斯·曼利乌斯·乌尔索在小亚细亚的镇压活动的研究,这一研究后被汉尼拔以演说的形式讲给罗德岛人听。古代的一位造假者用希腊文伪造了一封汉尼拔致雅典人的信,这一事实表明古代世界普遍认为这位迦太基将军是个受过良好教育的人(Brizzi,G. 1991 ‘Gli studi annibalici’,in Acquaro et al.(eds.)1991,59-65)。
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1706552239 [30] Dio Cassius,Roman History,ed. & tr. E. Cary. 9 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1917-27,13.54.3.
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1706552241 [31] Sosylus,Pap.Wurzburg,FGH,ⅡB:903-906.尽管学者们就这场败仗的发生地点长期争论不休,并且未得出任何明确结论,但普遍认为战役发生地很可能位于西班牙海岸线(Krings,V. 1998 Carthage et les Grecs c.580-480 av. J.-C. Leiden,217-260)。
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1706552243 [32] Krings,V. 1998 Carthage et les Grecs c.580-480 av. J.-C. Leiden,226.近来有观点认为,如今被认为是出自狄奥多罗斯·西库鲁斯的,一小段论及汉尼拔对大象的使用的引言的原作者可能是索西卢斯,不过这个观点未被证实(Rance,P.,2009 ‘Hannibal,Elephants and Turrets in Suda 438 [Polybius FR.162 B]-an Unidentified Fragment of Diodorus’,Classical Quarterly《古典学季刊》,108-110)。
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1706552245 [33] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,3.20.1-5.
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1706552247 [34] Spada,S. 2002 ‘La storiografia occidentale di età ellenistica’,in Vattuone(ed.)2002,239-240.这份著作的残篇摘录中包括一段对叙拉古国王希洛所使用的花园的描写,一段对陆地上一种常见的香草名字的阐述,以及对西西里城市帕莱斯(Palice)名字由来的解释。沃尔班克(Walbank,F. W. 1968-9 ‘The Historians of Greek Sicily’,Kokalos,487-497)或许低估了这些记载的重要性,但他认为“西西里亚”(Sicilia,Sicily的古名)历史属于历史另类的观点可能是对的。这一观点与拉·布阿(La Bua)(1966,277-279)的看法相反。
1706552248
1706552249 [35] Cicero,Letters to Friends,ed. & tr. D. Shackleton Bailey. 3 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,2001,9.25.1;Franke,P. 1989 ‘Pyrrhus’,in Walbank et al.(eds.)1989,456,n.1.
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1706552251 [36] Campus,A. 2005 ‘Herakles,Alessandro,Annibale’,in Bernardini & Zucca(eds.)2005,200-221.
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1706552253 [37] Pausanias,Description of Greece,ed. & tr. W. Jones & R. Wycherley. 5 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1918-35,12.3.4.
1706552254
1706552255 [38] Picard 1983-1984;Rawlings,L. 2005 ‘Hannibal and Hercules’,in Rawlings & Bowden(eds.)2005,164-171;Knapp,R. 1986 ‘“La Via Heraclea” en el occidente,mitho,arqueologia,propaganda,historia’,Emerita,118-119.
1706552256
1706552257 [39] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,12.28,3.48.
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1706552259 [40] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,14.1;Walbank,F. W. 1957-79 A Historical Commentary on Polybius. 3 vols. Oxford,1:63-130;Scuderi,R. 2002 ‘Filino di Agrigento’,in Vattuone(ed.)2002,277-284;Hoyos,B. D. 1998 Unplanned Wars:The Origins of the First and Second Punic Wars. Berlin,42-43,55-56,82-83,95-98,100-104.波利比乌斯显然对腓里努斯的说教方式持敬重态度,这与他自己的方式紧密对照(Walbank,F. W. 1985 Selected Papers:Studies in Greek and Roman History and Historiography. Cambridge,77-98)。拉·布阿(1966)精心设计的假说(腓里努斯的著作是波利比乌斯第一次布匿战争记载的主要史料来源,狄奥多罗斯关于从阿加托克利斯之死到第一次布匿战争的记载,来自为后世地中海西部的希腊籍史学家塞利努斯所收录的腓里努斯的相关记录)是无法被证实的。也有观点认为腓里努斯本人可能是受到自己家乡于公元前261年被攻占时遭到罗马人的残酷对待这一事件的影响,因此随着迦太基军队一起参加战斗(Galvagno,E. 2006 ‘Sicelioti in Africa nel III secolo a.C.’,Africa Romana,254-256;Scuderi,R. 2002 ‘Filino di Agrigento’,in Vattuone(ed.)2002,275-277)。因而还有人认为波利比乌斯对公元前250年到前249年的利利贝乌姆之围的详细记录来自腓里努斯的亲身经历(Lazenby,J. F. 1996 The First Punic War:A Military History. London,2)。
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1706552261 [41] Diodorus Siculus,The Library of History,ed. & tr. C. Oldfather et al. 12 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1960-67,23.1.4.
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1706552263 [42] Walbank,F. W. 1985 Selected Papers:Studies in Greek and Roman History and Historiography. Cambridge,90.
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1706552265 [43] Broughton 1951-1956,1:229;Badian,E. 1958 Foreign Clientelae(264-70 B.C.). Oxford,36-43;Hoyos,B. D. 1998 Unplanned Wars:The Origins of the First and Second Punic Wars. Berlin,122.
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1706552267 [44] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,3.28.1-2,3.15.9-11.
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1706552269 [45] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,7.4.1-2;Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,24.6.4-8。
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1706552271 [46] 这一点从他后来与意大利的一些希腊城市所达成的协议中也可看出,它们承认这些城市享有政治上的自由(Hoyos,B. D. 1998 Unplanned Wars:The Origins of the First and Second Punic Wars. Berlin,268)。
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1706552273 [47] De Angelis,F.,& Garstad,B. 2006 ‘Euhemerus in Context’,Classical Antiquity,213-225;Malkin,I. 2005 ‘Herakles and Melqart:Greeks and Phoenicians in the Middle Ground’,in E. Gruen(ed.)2005 Cultural Borrowings and Ethnic Appropriations in Antiquity. Stuttgart. 238-58.
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1706552275 [48] 狄奥多罗斯大量引用了希腊裔西西里作家——如蒂迈欧,可能还有塞利努斯——的作品(La Bua,V. 1966 Filino,Polibio,Sileno,Diodoro:il problema delle fonti,dalla morte di Agatocle alla guerra mercenaria in Africa. Palermo,249-252,277-279;Vattuone,R. 2002 ‘Timeo di Tauromenio’,in Vattuone(ed.)2002,217-222;Pearson,L. 1987 The Greek Historians of the West:Timaeus and his Predecessors. Atlanta,11-12,24-25)。
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1706552277 [49] Dionysius of Halicarnassus,The Roman Antiquities,ed. & tr. E. Cary. 7 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1948-50,1.41.1.
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1706552279 [50] Fox,M. 1993 ‘History and Rhetoric in Dionysius of Halicarnassus’,Journal of Roman Studies《罗马研究杂志》,144-145;Rawlings,L. 2005 ‘Hannibal and Hercules’,in Rawlings & Bowden(eds.)2005,169-170.
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1706552281 [51] Dionysius of Halicarnassus,The Roman Antiquities,ed. & tr. E. Cary. 7 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1948-50,1.41.1-2.
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