打字猴:1.706553044e+09
1706553044
1706553045 [91] Scullard,H. 1970 Scipio Africanus:Soldier and Politician. London,164-165.
1706553046
1706553047 [92] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,26.19.8-9.
1706553048
1706553049 [93] 对这一现象的详细讨论见Scullard,H. 1970 Scipio Africanus:Soldier and Politician. London,53-57。有人认为退潮时水位变得更浅其实是局部风力造成的,相关观点见Walbank,F. W. 1957-79 A Historical Commentary on Polybius. 3 vols. Oxford,Ⅱ:65-66。
1706553050
1706553051 [94] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,26.42.2-26.46.10;Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,10.8.1-10.15.11;Goldsworthy,A. 2000 The Punic Wars. London,271-277;Lazenby,J. F. 1978 Hannibal’s War. Warminster,134-140.
1706553052
1706553053 [95] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,10.2.12-13.
1706553054
1706553055 [96] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,10.17.6-10.18.5。关于西庇阿小心翼翼地建立与西班牙部落首领之间的良好关系的经过见Eckstein,A. M. 1987 Senate and General:Individual Decision-Making and Roman Foreign Relations 264-194 B.C. Berkeley,212-220。
1706553056
1706553057 [97] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,26.47.1-10;Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,10.19.1-2.
1706553058
1706553059 [98] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,27.17.1-27.19.1;Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,10.34.1-10.39.9;Goldsworthy,A. 2000 The Punic Wars. London,277-279.
1706553060
1706553061 [99] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,27.19.3;Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,10.40.2-5.
1706553062
1706553063 [100] 最高统治者之意,共和国时代,士兵们往往在取得大捷后将这一称号送给他们的指挥官。
1706553064
1706553065 [101] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,27.19.4-5.另见Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,10.40.4-5。
1706553066
1706553067 [102] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,27.19.1.27.20.3-8.
1706553068
1706553069 [103] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,28.12.13-28.15.16;Goldsworthy,A. 2000 The Punic Wars. London,279-285。
1706553070
1706553071 [104] Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,11.20.1-11.24.11;Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,28.16.10-13.
1706553072
1706553073 [105] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,28.19.11-28.37.10;Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,11.25.1-11.33.7.
1706553074
1706553075 [106] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,27.37.1-15.
1706553076
1706553077 [107] 早期罗马史诗中对朱诺与罗马人是如何演变为敌对关系的描述见Feeney,D. 1991 The Gods in Epic:Poets and Critics of the Classical Tradition. Oxford,116-117。
1706553078
1706553079 [108] 皮尔吉铭文的内容见Dumézil,G. 1970 Archaic Roman Religion. Chicago,680-682。
1706553080
1706553081 [109] Huss,W. 1985 Geschichte der Karthager. Munich,235-236.
1706553082
1706553083 [110] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,27.26.7-27.27.14,27.33.6-7.
1706553084
1706553085 [111] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,27.28.1-13。
1706553086
1706553087 [112] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,27.39.1-9;Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,11.2.1。
1706553088
1706553089 [113] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,27.39.10-27.49.4;Polybius,The Histories,ed. & tr. W. Paton. 6 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1922-7,11.1.1-11.2.2;Goldsworthy,A. 2000 The Punic Wars. London,238-243.
1706553090
1706553091 [114] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,27.51.11-13.
1706553092
1706553093 [115] 尽管他已经为在意大利的军队铸造了货币,但如今他有时间亦有必要(他几乎再也没有机会去获取战利品)同样为平民制造大量钱币了——钱币上通常印的是驰骋的马与塔尼特的头像一类与迦太基货币相关的图案(Crawford,M. 1985 Coinage and Money under the Roman Republic:Italy and the Mediterranean Economy. London,66-67)。
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