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[59] Feeney,D. 1991 The Gods in Epic:Poets and Critics of the Classical Tradition. Oxford,101-102;认为将这一段文字视为对奥古斯都的迦太基殖民地的准确描述的不妥之处见Harrison,E. 1984 ‘The Aeneid and Carthage’,in Woodman & West(eds.)1984,96。
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[60] Vergil,Aeneid,ed. & tr. H. Rushton Fairclough. 2 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1916-18,4.305-310.
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[61] Starks,J. 1999 ‘Fides Aeneia:The Transference of Punic Stereotypes in the Aeneid’,Classical Journal,274-276.
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[62] Starks,J. 1999 ‘Fides Aeneia:The Transference of Punic Stereotypes in the Aeneid’,Classical Journal,267-271。
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[63]KAI = H. Donner & W. Röllig(eds.),Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften,3rd edn,3 vols. Wiesbaden,1964,120;Adams,J. 2003 Bilingualism and the Latin Language. Cambridge,222;Birley,A. 1988 Septimius Severus:The African Emperor. 2nd edn. London,9-10.同样的现象在这些城市于这一时期铸造的货币上亦能见到(Adams,J. 2003 Bilingualism and the Latin Language. Cambridge,207-209)。在努米底亚城市土加出现的同类现象见Rives,J. 1995 Religion and Authority in Roman Carthage from Augustus to Constantine. Oxford。
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[64] 公元1世纪和2世纪,迦太基文化对加迪斯周边地区的强大影响力见Fear,A. 1996 Rome and Baetica:Urbanization in Southern Spain c. 50 BC-AD 150. Oxford,225-250。其对萨丁尼亚的影响力见Van Dommelen,P. 1998 In Colonial Grounds:A Comparative Study of Colonialism and Rural Settlement in First Millennium BC West Central Sardinia. Leiden,174-177。其对非洲的影响力见Millar,F. 1968 ‘Local cultures in the Roman Empire:Libyan,Punic,and Latin in North Africa’,Journal of Roman Studies《罗马研究杂志》,58:126-34。
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[65] 迦太基语在北非和萨丁尼亚的使用情况见Jongeling & Kerr,2005;Adams,J. 2003 Bilingualism and the Latin Language. Cambridge,209-230。关于苏菲特的情况见Lancel,S. 1995 Carthage:A History,tr. Antonia Nevill. Oxford,430-431;Van Dommelen,P. 1998 In Colonial Grounds:A Comparative Study of Colonialism and Rural Settlement in First Millennium BC West Central Sardinia. Leiden,174;Birley,A. 1988 Septimius Severus:The African Emperor. 2nd edn. London,16。宗教文化的延续情况见Lancel,S. 1995 Carthage:A History,tr. Antonia Nevill. Oxford,432-436。
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[66] Van Dommelen,P. 1998 In Colonial Grounds:A Comparative Study of Colonialism and Rural Settlement in First Millennium BC West Central Sardinia. Leiden.近来甚至有人认为,写于公元前1世纪上半叶的地理学著作《地理志》(De Chorographia)的作者庞波尼乌斯尼·梅拉,可能是西班牙裔迦太基人的后代,他的著作面向的是那些仍深受迦太基文化熏陶的人群,而这部著作是为了与流行的罗马-希腊人绘制的世界地图分庭抗礼而写的(Batty,R. 2000 ‘Mela’s Phoenician Geography’,Journal of Roman Studies《罗马研究杂志》,90:70-94)。
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[67] 关于大莱普提斯的崛起见Birley,A. 1988 Septimius Severus:The African Emperor. 2nd edn. London,8-22。
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[68] Silius Italicus,Punica,ed. & tr. J. Duff. 2 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1934. 2.149-270,4.4.72,11.136ff.,2.475,9.287-301;Rawlings,L. 2005 ‘Hannibal and Hercules’,in Rawlings & Bowden(eds.)2005,153-155.
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[69] Statius,Silvae,ed. & tr. D. Shackleton Bailey. Cambridge,Mass.,2003.又见马提亚尔(Epigr. 9.43)对汉尼拔与小雕像的类似猜测。
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[70] Statius,Silvae,ed. & tr. D. Shackleton Bailey. Cambridge,Mass.,2003,4.5.45-46.
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[71] Birley,A. 1988 Septimius Severus:The African Emperor. 2nd edn. London,89-107.
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[72] Tzetzes,Chiliades,ed. T. Pressel,Tübingen,1851,1.798-805;Birley,A. 1988 Septimius Severus:The African Emperor. 2nd edn. London,142.
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[73] Miles,R. 2003 ‘Rivalling Rome:Carthage’,in C. Edwards & G. Woolf(eds.)2003 Rome the Cosmopolis. Cambridge. 123-46.
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[74] “Hannibalianus 2”,Jones,A.,Martindale,J.,& Morris,J. 1971 The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire,vol 1. Cambridge,407.
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迦太基必须毁灭:古文明的兴衰 参考文献
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缩略词
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AJP American Journal of Philology《美国语言学杂志》
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ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt《罗马世界的兴衰》
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AWE Ancient West and East《古代的西方与东方》
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BaBesch Bulletin antieke Beschavung《古代文明学报》
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BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research《美国东方学会期刊》
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