打字猴:1.706554282e+09
1706554282
1706554283 [34] Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,21.6.3-4,21.19;Mineo,B. 2006 Tite-Live et l’histoire de Rome. Paris,275.
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1706554285 [35] Levene,D. 1993 Religion in Livy. Leiden,43-47.汉尼拔曾短暂怀有虔敬之意的实例见Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,21.21.9。视汉尼拔进攻萨贡托为渎神之举的相关说法见Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,21.40.11。迦太基最终战败是因神罚所致的说法见Livy,History of Rome [inc. Epitome],ed. & tr. B. Foster et al. 14 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1961-7,30.31.5,30.42.20-21。
1706554286
1706554287 [36] Cornelius Nepos,Hamilcar,Hannibal,Timoleon,in Lives of Eminent Commanders,ed. & tr. J. Rolfe. London,1929. 3.4.
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1706554289 [37] Gransden,K. 1976 Aeneid VIII. Cambridge,16.公元前29年奥古斯都选择波蒂图斯·瓦列里乌斯·梅萨拉(Potitus Valerius Messalla)与其共同执政同样绝非巧合,后者可能是大祭坛(Ara Maxima)的祭司长波蒂图斯(Potitius)——维吉尔在自己撰写的卡库斯故事中提到过这个人(Aen. 8.269,281)——的祖先(作者在这里可能把后代和祖先的位置搞反了——译者注)。关于《埃涅伊德》中提到的那位来到罗马的救世主既可能是指赫拉克勒斯,也可能是指奥古斯都的观点见Galinsky,K. 1966 ‘The Hercules-Cacus episode in Aeneid VIII’,American Journal of Philology《美国语言学杂志》,22。对维吉尔日后利用赫拉克勒斯与卡库斯事件来展现内战的丑恶的探讨见Morgan,L. 1998 ‘Assimilation and Civil War:Hercules and Cacus(Aen. 8.185-267)’,in H.-P. Stahl(ed.)1998 Vergil’s Aeneid:Augustan Epic and Political Context. London,175-185;Lyne,R. 1987 Further Voices in Vergil’s Aeneid. Oxford,28-35。
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1706554291 [38] Pliny,Natural History,ed. & tr. H. Rackham,W. Jones & D. Eichholz. 10 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1962-7,3.136-137.
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1706554293 [39] Knapp,R. 1986 ‘“La Via Heraclea” en el occidente,mitho,arqueologia,propaganda,historia’,Emerita,121-122.
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1706554295 [40] Horace,The Complete Odes and Epodes,tr. D. West. Oxford,2000,4.4.这层联系显然在部分程度上也是通过年轻的奥古斯都与亚历山大大帝之间的关系来实现的。奥古斯都不但明明白白地借用了亚历山大的肖像——主要将它用于奥古斯都早年的肖像之上——还有一种说法说他对这位马其顿国王的魅力佩服到了如此地步:他用香料对亚历山大的尸体做了防腐处理,且将其肖像印在了自己的图章戒指上(Suetonius,Augustus,Tiberius,in Suetonius,Lives of the Caesars,vol. 1,ed. & tr. J. Rolfe. Cambridge,Mass.,1914,18.1.50;Zanker,P,1988 The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus. Ann Arbor,145).
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1706554297 [41] Horace,The Complete Odes and Epodes,tr. D. West. Oxford,2000,4.4.
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1706554299 [42] Appian,Roman History [inc. Civil Wars],ed. & tr. H. White. 4 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1912-13,8.20.136.
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1706554301 [43] 这支军队象征着死去的迦太基人的说法见Harrison,E. 1984 ‘The Aeneid and Carthage’,in Woodman & West(eds.)1984,99。象征着老兵的说法见Wightman,E. 1980 ‘The Plan of Roman Carthage:Practicalities and Politics’,in J. Pedley(ed.)1980 New Light on Ancient Carthage. Ann Arbor.,36。展现恺撒仁慈的观点见Clark,A. 2007 Divine Qualities:Cult and Community in Republican Rome. Oxford,84-85。一座为纪念恺撒的仁慈而修的神庙于公元前45年建于罗马(Galinsky,K. 1996 Augustan Culture. Princeton,82,84)。
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1706554303 [44] 魏特曼(1980,37-38)对恺撒殖民地的建立进程的叙述或许有着夸大其词的成分。
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1706554305 [45] 毋庸置疑,后世的一些罗马评论家就是如此评价这一积极进取之举的。见Dio Cassius,Roman History,ed. & tr. E. Cary. 9 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1917-27,43.50.4-5。
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1706554307 [46] Wightman,E. 1980 ‘The Plan of Roman Carthage:Practicalities and Politics’,in J. Pedley(ed.)1980 New Light on Ancient Carthage. Ann Arbor.,38-39.
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1706554309 [47] Gros,P. 1990 ‘Le premier urbanisme de la colonia Julia Carthago:mythes et réalités d’une fondation césaro-augustéenne’,Collection de l’Ecole française de Rome,134:547-73.
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1706554311 [48] Rakob,F. 2000 ‘The Making of Augustan Carthage’,in E. Fentress(ed.)2000 Romanization and the City:Creation,Transformations,and Failures:Proceedings of a Conference Held at the American Academy in Rome to Celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Excavations at Cosa,14-16 May,1998. Portsmouth,RI. 72-82.
1706554312
1706554313 [49] 非洲的哈德鲁米图姆被取名为“肯考迪娅-尤利亚”,比提尼亚的阿帕米亚被取名为“科罗尼亚-尤利亚-肯考迪娅”(Clark,A. 2007 Divine Qualities:Cult and Community in Republican Rome. Oxford,251)。
1706554314
1706554315 [50] 尽管古风时代末期的文艺评论家塞尔维乌斯(Servius)写过这么一句话:“维吉尔意在模仿荷马,并通过赞颂奥古斯都的祖先来达到吹捧奥古斯都本人的目的。”(Servius,Commentary on Book Four of Virgil’s Aeneid,ed. & tr. C. McDonough,R. Prior & M. Stansbury,Wauconda,Ill.,2004,1,proem.)然而,维吉尔与他创作这部作品时的政权之间的关系显然比塞维鲁所说的更为复杂。对将维吉尔视为奥古斯都的宣传者这一观点的批评见Thomas,R. 2001 Virgil and the Augustan Reception. Cambridge,25-54。
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1706554317 [51] Morgan,L. 1998 ‘Assimilation and Civil War:Hercules and Cacus(Aen. 8.185-267)’,in H.-P. Stahl(ed.)1998 Vergil’s Aeneid:Augustan Epic and Political Context. London,181-182.
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1706554319 [52] Vergil,Aeneid,ed. & tr. H. Rushton Fairclough. 2 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1916-18,1.12-19.
1706554320
1706554321 [53] Feeney,D. 1991 The Gods in Epic:Poets and Critics of the Classical Tradition. Oxford,131.《埃涅伊德》中频频间接提及,但极少直接涉及布匿战争。一个重要的例外是文中提到过一支由未来的罗马英雄组成的队伍,这表明埃涅阿斯已身处冥界,这支队伍中包括加图、西庇阿家族、“拖延者”费边和马塞勒斯(Vergil,Aeneid,ed. & tr. H. Rushton Fairclough. 2 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1916-18,6.841-859)。
1706554322
1706554323 [54] Feeney,D. 1991 The Gods in Epic:Poets and Critics of the Classical Tradition. Oxford,4.259-263。
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1706554325 [55] Feeney,D. 1991 The Gods in Epic:Poets and Critics of the Classical Tradition. Oxford,4.230-236。透克洛斯,一位传奇弓箭手,在特洛伊战争时与比他名气更大的同父异母的兄弟埃阿斯并肩作战。阿斯卡尼俄斯,埃涅阿斯之子,阿尔巴隆加的首任国王,罗马人的祖先。奥索尼亚是意大利南部的一片地区。
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1706554327 [56] Feeney,D. 1991 The Gods in Epic:Poets and Critics of the Classical Tradition. Oxford,4.622-629。
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1706554329 [57] Feeney,D. 1991 The Gods in Epic:Poets and Critics of the Classical Tradition. Oxford,12.826-828;Feeney,D. 1991 The Gods in Epic:Poets and Critics of the Classical Tradition. Oxford,146-149。
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1706554331 [58] Vergil,Aeneid,ed. & tr. H. Rushton Fairclough. 2 vols. Cambridge,Mass.,1916-18,1.421-429.
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