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1706701674
[8] 最近一篇更为细致入微且具批评性的文章,Joshua Fogel(傅佛果)编: The Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography (Berkeley: University of California Press,2000)。同样有用的是 Yang Daqing(杨大庆)深思熟虑的文章 “Atrocities in Nanjing: Searching for Explanations”,收入Diana Lary与 Stephen MacKinnon编:The Scars of War
:The Impact of Warfare on Modern China (Vancouver
:University of British Columbia Press,2001)。Iris Chang(张纯如)的The Rape of Nanking
:The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II (New York: Basic Books,1997) 有大肆渲染之嫌。死亡人数超过10万有相当大的历史可信度——几乎可以确定是在10万到20万之间。
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[9] 最初发表于H.J.Timperly(田伯烈),Japanese Terror in China(New York
:Modern Age Books,Inc.,1938);节录于Pei-kai Cheng(郑培凯)与Michael Lestz (李文玺)编:The Search for Modern China
:A Documentary Collection (New York: W.W.Norton,1999),p.327。
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[10] Paul Kennedy,The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000(New York: Random House,1987),p.302.
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[11] 引自Akira Iriye(入江昭),“Japanese Aggression and China’s International Position,1931-1949”,收入 The Cambridge History of China,vol.13,Republican China,part2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1986),p.524。
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1706701682
[12] Diana Lary,“Star Generals: Bai Chongxi and Cai Tingkai,”“The Role of the Republican Period in Twentieth Century China: Reflections and Reconsiderations” (Venice: University Ca’Foscari di Venezia,30 June-3 July 1999)会议论文。
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[13] 根据一项调查。Hsi-sheng Ch’i(齐锡生),“The Military Dimension,1942-1945”,收入James C.Hsiung(熊玠)与Steven I.Levine(梁思文)编: China’s Bitter Victory
:The War with Japan,1937-1945 (Armonk,NY: M.E.Sharpe,1992),p.170。
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[14] 引自Akira Iriye(入江昭),“Japanese Aggression,” p.535。
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[15] Parks M.Coble(柯博文),Chinese Capitalists in Japan’s New Order
:The Occupied Lower Yangzi,1937-1945 (Berkeley: University of California Press,2003)。
1706701689
1706701690
[16] 陈璧君。引自Jiu-jung Lo(罗久蓉),“Survival as Justification for Collaboration(1937-1945),”“International Symposium: Reassessing the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945): New Sources and Interpretations” (Vancouver,16-18 December 1995)会议论文,p.3(修订版)。
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[17] David P.Barrett(包瑞德),“The Wang Jingwei Regime,1940-1945: Continuities and Disjunctures with Nationalist China”,收入 David P.Barrett(包瑞德)与Larry N.Shyu(徐乃力)编:Chinese Collaboration with Japan,1932-1945 (Stanford: Stanford University Press,2001);以及Ke-wen Wang(王克文),“Portrait of a Puppet: The Final Years of Wang Jingwei,1940-1944,” “The Role of the Republican Period in Twentieth Century China
:Reflections and Reconsiderations” (Venice: University Ca’Foscari di Venezia,30 June-3 July 1999)会议论文。
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[18] 引自Ke-wen Wang(王克文),“Portrait of a Puppet,”p.4。
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[19] T’ien-wei Wu(吴天威),“Contending Political Forces during the War of Resistance”,收入James C.Hisung(熊玠)与 Steven I.Levine(梁思文)编:China’s Bitter Victory
:The War with Japan,1937-1945(Armonk,NY: M.E.Sharpe,1992),p.70。
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[20] Christian Henriot(安克强),“War and Economics: The Control of Material Resources in the Lower Yangzi and Shanghai Area between 1937 and 1945,”“The Role of the Republican Period in Twentieth Century China: Reflections and Reconsiderations” (Venice: University Ca’Foscari di Venezia,30 June-3 July 1999)会议论文。
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[21] Parks M.Coble(柯博文),Chinese Capitalists in Japan’s New Order。
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[22] Poshek Fu(傅葆石),Passivity,Resistance,and Collaboration: Intellectual Choices in Occupied Shanghai,1937-1945 (Stanford: Stanford University Press,1993)。
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[23] Elizabeth J.Perry(裴宜理),Shanghai on Strike
:The Politics of Chinese Labor (Stanford
:Stanford University Press,1993),pp.109-133。
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1706701706
[24] 傅斯年:《中华民族是整个的》(1935年)。引自Vera Schwarcz(舒衡哲),The Chinese Enlightenment
:Intellectuals and the Legacy of the May Fourth Movement of 1919(Berkeley: University of California Press,1985),pp.230-239。
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1706701708
[25] 罗隆基:《民主的意义》(1944年12月9日)。引自Edmund S.K.Fung(冯兆基),In Search of Chinese Democarcy
:Civil Opposition in Nationalist China,1929-1949(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2000),p.214。
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[26] William Kirby(柯伟林),“The Chinese War Economy”,收入James C.Hsiung(熊玠)与Steven I.Levine(梁思文)编:China’s Bitter Victory: The War with Japan,1937-1945(Armonk,NY: M.E.Sharpe,1992)。
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[27] Lloyd Eastman(易劳逸),“Nationalist China during the Sino-Japanese War,1937-1945”,收入The Cambridge History of China,vol.13,Republican China,part 2(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1986),p.584。
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[28] Hsi-sheng Ch’i(齐锡生),“The Military Dimension,”p.179。
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[29] William Kirby(柯伟林),“The Chinese War Economy,” p.185。
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[30] 《华西日报》,1944年。引自Lloyd Eastman(易劳逸),“Nationalist China during the Sino-Japanese War,”p.601。
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