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(36) Patty J. Watson, Steven A. LeBlanc & Charles L. Redman, Archeological Explanation: The Scientific Method in Archeology （New York: Columbia University Press, 1984）, p.69.
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(37) Robert J. Sharer & Wendy Ashmore, Archaeology: Discovering Our Past （Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Company, 1987）, pp.50–52.
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(38) Guy Gibbon, Explanation in Archaeology （Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989）, p.171; Ian Hodder, “Simple Correlations between Material Culture and Society: A Review,” in The Spatial Organisation of Culture, ed. by Ian Hodder （Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1978）, p.3.
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(39) James Deetz, Invitation to Archaeology （Garden City, NY: Natural History Press,1967）; J. N. Hill, Broken KPueblo: Prehisoric Social Organization in the American Southwest, Anthropological Paper no. 18 （Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1970）.
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(40) C. A. Bishop & M. E. Smith, “Early Historic Populations in Northwestern Ontario: Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Interpretations,”American Antiquity 40 （1975）: 54–63;以及前引探讨先周族源的中国考古学家们。
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(41) Thomas. H. Charlton, “Population trends in the Teotihuacan Valley A. D. 1400–1969,” World Archaeology 4（1972）: 106–123; William Y. Adams, “On the Argument from Ceramics to History: a Challenge based on Evidence from Medieval Nubia,” Current Anthropology 20 （1979）: 727–744; William Y. Adams, Dennis P. Van Gerven and Richard S. Levy, “The Retreat from Migrationism,” Annual Review of Anthropology 7 （1978）: 483–532; Ian Hodder, “Simple Correlations between Material Culture and Society: A Review,” in The Spatial Organisation of Culture, pp.3–24; Robert J. Sharer & Wendy Ashmore, Archaeology: Discovering Our Past, pp.455–456.
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1707121735
(42) Ian Hodder, “Simple Correlations between Material Culture and Society: A Review,” in The Spatial Organisation of Culture, pp.3–15; Robert J. Sharer & Wendy Ashmore, Archaeology: Discovering Our Past, pp.455–456.
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1707121737
(43) Gunnar Haaland, “Ecomomic Determinants in Ethnic Processes,” in Ethnic Groups and Boundaries, pp.58–73; Leo A. Despres, ed., Ethnicity and Resource Competition in Plural Societies （The Hague: Mouton Publishers, 1975）.
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(44) S. R. Charsley, “The Formation of Ethnic Groups,” in Urban Ethnicity, ed. by A. Cohen（London: Tavistock, 1974）; Michael Banton, “The Direction and Speed of Ethnic Change,” in Ethnic Change, pp.32–52; G. Carter Bentley, “Migration, Ethnic Identity, and State Building in the Philippines: The Sulu Case,” in Ethnic Change, pp.118–153; Nancie L. Gonzalez & Carolyn S. McCommon, eds., Conflict, Migration, and the Expression of Ethnicity （Boulder: Westview Press, 1989）.
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(45) 杜正胜：《动物纹饰与中国古代北方民族之考察》，《历史语言研究所集刊》1993年第64本第2分册，第231—408页；乌恩：《殷至周初的北方青铜器》，《考古学报》1985年第2期，第135—155页；林沄：《商文化青铜器与北方地区青铜器关系之再研究》，载《考古学文化论集（一）》，第129—155页。
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(46) 吕智荣：《朱开沟古文化遗存与李家崖文化》，《考古与文物》1991年第6期，第51—52页；乌恩：《殷至周初的北方青铜器》，《考古学报》1985年第2期，第152—153页。
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(47) 张长寿、梁星彭：《关中先周青铜文化的类型与周文化的渊源》，《考古学报》1989年第1期，第4—6页。
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(48) 吕智荣：《朱开沟古文化遗存与李家崖文化》，《考古与文物》1991年第6期，第48—51页。
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(49) Kwang-chih Chang, The Archaeology of Ancient China, pp.112–122, 277–280.
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1707121751
(50) 中国社会科学院考古研究所泾渭工作队：《陕西长武碾子坡先周文化遗址发掘记略》，《考古学集刊》1989年第6期，第123—142页。
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(51) 中国社会科学院考古研究所泾渭工作队：《陕西长武碾子坡先周文化遗址发掘记略》，《考古学集刊》1989年第6期，第129—134、141页。
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(52) 张长寿、梁星彭：《关中先周青铜文化的类型与周文化的渊源》，《考古学报》1989年第1期，第2—4页。
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1707121757
(53) 《史记》卷四，周本纪第四。
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1707121759
(54) Clifford Geertz, The Interpretation of Cultures, pp.261–262; Charles F. Keyes, “The Dialectics of Ethnic Change,” in Ethnic Change, p.8;王明珂：《民族史的边缘研究：一个史学与人类学的中介点》，《新史学》 1993年第4卷第2期，第95—120页。
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(55) Ming-ke Wang, The Ch’iang of Ancient China through the Han Dynasty, p.154.
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(56) Ian Hodder, “The Maintenance of Group Identities in the Baringo District, Western Kenya,” in Social Organisation and Settlement.
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1707121765
(57) 江上波夫：《ユウラシア古代北方文化》，第133—149页。
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(58) E. G. Pulleyblank, “The Chinese and Their Neighbors in Prehistoric and Early Historic Times,” in The Origins of Chinese Civilization, p.420.
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(59) 王国维：《古本竹书纪年辑校》，世界书局，1957，第15页；《国语》卷一，周语上；《左传》，僖公三十三年、襄公十四年。
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(60) 《史记》卷五，秦本纪第五。
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