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4 1928 年希特勒写过一本很厚的小册子，后来没有发表。他论述了放弃争夺南蒂罗尔地区以寻求同意大利建立联盟的外交政策。他在两年以前和民族主义右翼就利用南蒂罗尔问题向意大利挑衅的主张发生过争执。See Hitler’s Second Book. The Unpublished Sequel to Mein Kampf, ed. Gerhard L. Weinberg, New York, 2003,pp. xvi—xxi, and Ian Kershaw, Hitler, 1889—1936: Hubris, London, 1998, pp. 291—292.
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5 Knox, Common Destiny, p. 96.
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6 Denis Mack Smith, Mussolini, paperback edn., London, 1983, p. 235.
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7 Alberto Aquarone，“Public Opinion in Italy before the Outbreak of World War II”，in Roland Sarti（ed.），The Ax Within：Italian Fascism in Action（New York，1974），第 212 页；Paul Corner，“Everyday Fascism in the 1930s：Centre and Periphery in the Decline of Mussolini’s Dictatorship”，Contemporary European History，15（2006），第 215—218 页，指出了与纳粹德国结盟和发生战争的可能性对领袖个人崇拜的负面影响。
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8 Quoted from MacGregor Knox, Mussolini Unleashed 1939—1941. Politics and Strategy in Fascist Italy’s Last War, paperback edn., Cambridge, 1986, pp. 39—40.
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9 Ciano’s Diary 1939—1943, ed. Malcolm Muggeridge, London, 1947, pp. 45—46.
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10 Ray Moseley, Mussolini’s Shadow. The Double Life of Count Galeazzo Ciano, New Haven/London, 1999, p. 55.
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11 Quoted in Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, p. 41.
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12 Ciano’s Diary, p. 90.
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13 See Mario Toscano, The Origins of the Pact of Steel, Baltimore, 1967, chs. 4—5.
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14 H. James Burgwyn, Italian Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period 1918—1940, Westport, Conn., 1997, p. 194.
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15 Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, p. 42; Burgwyn, p. 194.
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16 DGFP，6，第 574—580 页；参见 Gerhard L. Weinberg，The Foreign Policy of Hitler’s Germany：Starting World War II，1937—1939（Chicago/London，1980），第 79—81 页（第 579 页，讨论了这份文件的真实性，纽伦堡审判开始就有人对其提出质疑）。
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17 Ciano’s Diary, p. 116.
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18 Ciano’s Diary, pp. 122—123.
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19 Quotations in Ciano’s Diary, pp. 123—125.
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20 Ciano’s Diary, pp. 126—130.
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21 Ciano’s Diary, p. 133.
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22 DGFP, 7, doc. 271, p. 286 (25.8.39); Burgwyn, pp. 203—204.
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23 DGFP, 7, doc. 317, p. 323; Burgwyn, pp. 204—205.
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24 Ciano’s Diary, pp. 134—136; Enno von Rintelen, Mussolini als Bundesgenosse. Erinnerungen des deutschen Militärattachés in Rom 1936—1943, Tübingen/Stuttgart, 1951, p. 71; Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, p. 43. 关于“非交战国”的概念，参见 Neville Wylie（ed.），European Neutrals and Non-Belligerents during the Second World War（Cambridge，2002），第 4 页。
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25 What follows relies on Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, pp. 16—19; and MacGregor Knox, Hitler’s Italian Allies. Royal Armed Forces, Fascist Regime, and the War of 1940—1943, Cambridge, 2000, pp. 29—32.
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26 Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, p. 10.
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27 Denis Mack Smith, Mussolini as a Military Leader, Reading 1974, pp. 17, 28—29. 不利于对情报做出准确评估的另一个因素是，意大利没有一个综合性的情报机构（因为墨索里尼将情报机构看作对他权力的威胁），见 MacGregor Knox，“Fascist Italy Assesses its Enemies，1935—1940”，in Ernest R. May（ed.），Knowing One’s Enemies：Intelligence Assessment before the Two World Wars（Princeton, 1983），第 347—372 页。
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28 For the following, see Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, pp. 18—30; and Knox, Common Destiny, pp. 152—157.
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