1707346144
29 Quoted in Knox, Common Destiny, p. 155; and Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, p. 10. 以国民生产总值来衡量，意大利在经济上是 1940 年各强国中最弱的一个，它的军费支出只有德国的三分之一，见 Mark Harrison（ed.），The Economics of World War II：Six Great Powers in International Comparison（Cambridge，1998），第 10 页，第 21 页。Vera Zamagni，“Italy：How to Lose the War and Win the Peace”，in Mark Harrison（ed.），The Economics of World War II：Six Great Powers in International Comparison（Cambridge，1998），第 177—223 页，认为意大利的经济水平不足以让它有力地参与这场战争，更不要说赢得战争了。
1707346145
1707346146
30 关于“权力联合体”一词在纳粹政权中的应用，见 Peter Hüttenberger，“Nationalsozialistische Polykratie”，Geschichte und Gesellschaft，2（1976），第 417—442 页；Ian Kershaw，The Nazi Dictatorship：Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation，4th edn.（London，2000），第 58—59 页。
1707346147
1707346148
31 Payne, pp. 119, 122.
1707346149
1707346150
32 Payne, p. 117.
1707346151
1707346152
33 Adrian Lyttleton, The Seizure of Power, London, 1973, pp. 72—75, 175; Bosworth, Mussolini, pp. 154—155, 160—165.
1707346153
1707346154
34 Payne, pp. 116, 118—119.
1707346155
1707346156
35 Martin Broszat, Der Staat Hitlers, Munich, 1969, p. 262; Dieter Rebentisch, Führerstaat und Verwaltung im Zweiten Weltkrieg, Stuttgart, 1989, p. 422.
1707346157
1707346158
36 Maurizio Bach, Die charismatischen Führerdiktaturen. Drittes Reich und italienischer Faschismus im Vergleich ihrer Herrschaftsstrukturen, Baden-Baden, 1990, p. 111.
1707346159
1707346160
37 Payne, p. 221.
1707346161
1707346162
38 See Corner, esp. pp. 199, 206—217.
1707346163
1707346164
39 See Piero Melograni, ‘The Cult of the Duce in Mussolini’s Italy’, Journal of Contemporary History, 11 (1976), pp. 221—237.
1707346165
1707346166
40 S. J. Woolf (ed.), Fascism in Europe, 2nd edn., London, 1981, p. 62.
1707346167
1707346168
41 Payne, pp. 219—220.
1707346169
1707346170
42 Knox, Common Destiny, p. 96; Burgwyn, p. 120; John Whittam, Fascist Italy, Manchester, 1995, p. 113.
1707346171
1707346172
43 Knox, Common Destiny, p. 96.
1707346173
1707346174
44 R. J. B. Bosworth，Italy，the Least of the Great Powers：Italian Foreign Policy before the First World War（Cambridge，1979），第 1 章，第 2 章，第 4 章，强调了战前意大利的社会和政治精英阶层对大国梦的共同期盼。
1707346175
1707346176
45 Bosworth, Mussolini, p. 255; Mack Smith, Mussolini as a Military Leader, p. 7.
1707346177
1707346178
46 Mack Smith, Mussolini as a Military Leader, pp. 5, 31.
1707346179
1707346180
47 Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, pp. 10, 18.
1707346181
1707346182
48 Bosworth, Mussolini, p. 347.
1707346183
1707346184
49 See Bosworth, Mussolini, p. 246.
1707346185
1707346186
50 Burgwyn, pp. 145—146.
1707346187
1707346188
51 Mack Smith, Mussolini as a Military Leader, p. 5.
1707346189
1707346190
52 Ciano’s Diary, pp. 144—145.
1707346191
1707346192
53 Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, pp. 55—56.
1707346193
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.707346144e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]