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39 See Piero Melograni, ‘The Cult of the Duce in Mussolini’s Italy’, Journal of Contemporary History, 11 (1976), pp. 221—237.
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40 S. J. Woolf (ed.), Fascism in Europe, 2nd edn., London, 1981, p. 62.
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41 Payne, pp. 219—220.
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42 Knox, Common Destiny, p. 96; Burgwyn, p. 120; John Whittam, Fascist Italy, Manchester, 1995, p. 113.
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43 Knox, Common Destiny, p. 96.
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44 R. J. B. Bosworth,Italy,the Least of the Great Powers:Italian Foreign Policy before the First World War(Cambridge,1979),第 1 章,第 2 章,第 4 章,强调了战前意大利的社会和政治精英阶层对大国梦的共同期盼。
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45 Bosworth, Mussolini, p. 255; Mack Smith, Mussolini as a Military Leader, p. 7.
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46 Mack Smith, Mussolini as a Military Leader, pp. 5, 31.
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47 Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, pp. 10, 18.
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48 Bosworth, Mussolini, p. 347.
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49 See Bosworth, Mussolini, p. 246.
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50 Burgwyn, pp. 145—146.
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51 Mack Smith, Mussolini as a Military Leader, p. 5.
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52 Ciano’s Diary, pp. 144—145.
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53 Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, pp. 55—56.
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54 Ciano’s Diary, pp. 145—146, 151, 157 (quotation p. 157).
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55 Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, p. 62.
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56 Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, p. 79.
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57 Ciano’s Diary, p. 163.
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58 Ciano’s Diplomatic Papers, ed. Malcolm Muggeridge, London, 1948, pp. 314—315 (quotation p. 314).
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59 Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, p. 61.
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60 Knox,Mussolini Unleashed,第 68 页;DGFP,8,doc. 504,第 608—609 页(这是墨索里尼在 1940 年 1 月 3 日写给希特勒的信,但是到 1 月 5 日经过略微修改后才送出)。齐亚诺认为墨索里尼的信是“一篇佳作,充满智慧与克制”(Ciano’s Diary,第 194 页)。
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61 Ciano’s Diary, p. 164.
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62 Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, pp. 71, 75.
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63 Knox, Mussolini Unleashed, pp. 52—54, quotation p. 52.
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