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214 Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 2, p. 548. 但是，Brian R. Sullivan，“‘Where One Man, and Only One Man, Led’：Italy’s Path from Non-Alignment to Non-Belligerency to War，1937—1940”，in Wylie，第 149 页，接受了丘吉尔的这一观点。
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215 Mack Smith，Mussolini as a Military Leader，第 23 页，指出高级军官们用“领袖的天才”来推脱自己的责任。
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第五章 华盛顿特区，1940 年夏季到 1941 年春季
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1 The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, ed. Samuel I. Rosenman, vol. 9, New York, 1940, p. 517.
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2 Public Opinion 1935—1946, ed. Hadley Cantrill, Westport, Conn., 1951, p. 971.
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3 Public Opinion, p. 973.
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4 Yale University Library, Henry L. Stimson Diaries 1909—1945, Reel 6, entry for 19.12.40; William L. Langer and S. Everett Gleason, The Undeclared War, 1940—1941, New York, 1953, p. 243.
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5 Quoted in John Morton Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries, vol. 2: Years of Urgency, 1938—1941, Boston, 1965, p. 254 (from the diary entry of 14.5.41).
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6 Stimson Diaries, Reel 6, entry for 22.4.41; Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 442.
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7 Public Papers and Addresses, vol. 8 (1939), p. 3; Joseph Alsop and Robert Kintner, American White Paper. The Story of American Diplomacy and the Second World War, London, 1940, p. 31; Robert Dallek, Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932—1945, New York, 1979, p. 179; Robert A. Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent. American Entry into World War II, New York, 1965, p. 56; David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear. The American People in Depression and War, 1929—1945, New York/Oxford, 1999, p. 427.
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8 Quoted in Alsop and Kintner, p. 68.
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9 Waldo H. Heinrichs, Jr., Threshold of War. Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Entry into World War II, New York/Oxford, 1988, p. 11.
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10 Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 2: Their Finest Hour, London, 1949, p. 503.
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11 Churchill and Roosevelt. The Complete Correspondence, ed. Warren F. Kimball, Princeton, 1984, vol. 1, doc. C-84x, pp. 181—182 (3.5.41); Heinrichs, Threshold of War, p. 81.
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12 Quoted in Kennedy, p. 496.
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13 The title of chapter 3 of Warren F. Kimball, Forged in War. Churchill, Roosevelt and the Second World War, London, 1997.
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14 罗斯福在新政当中的作用是无可替代的。他感兴趣的领域都获得了成功，而他缺乏兴趣的领域（例如低价房），还有他犹豫不决的工业战略，都成为经济中的弱项领域，见 Tony Badger，The New Deal：The Depression Years，1933—40（London，1989），第 9 页。Patrick Renshaw，Franklin D. Roosevelt：Profiles in Power（London，2004），第 107 页，指出了罗斯福在 1933 年以后美国恢复国民士气时候的“强大个人作用”。
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15 See Frank Freidel, Franklin D. Roosevelt. A Rendezvous with Destiny, Boston, 1990, p. 252. See also Renshaw, p. 120; and Badger, pp. 94—104.
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16 Freidel, p. 287; Kennedy, pp. 347—349; Hugh Brogan, The Pelican History of the United States of America, Harmondsworth, 1986, p. 565. 共和党在众议院赢得了 80 个席位，在参议院赢得了 8 个席位；虽然民主党仍然控制着参众两院，但跨党派的联合意味着反对罗斯福的力量大大加强了。
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17 On American loans, and insistence on repayment, see Zara Steiner, The Lights that Failed. European International History 1919—1933, Oxford, 2005, pp. 38—39, 185, 188.
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18 Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, pp. 8—10; Kennedy, pp. 387—388.
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19 Quoted in Kennedy, p. 386.
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20 Freidel, p. 171.
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21 Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, pp. 17—22.
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22 Kennedy, p. 393.
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