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23 Kennedy, pp. 395—396. 关于美国石油资源与阿比西尼亚战争，参见 Cordell Hull，The Memoirs of Cordell Hull（New York，1948），vol. 1，第 422—442 页，尤其是赫尔承认（第 442 页），“我们已经尽力了”，虽然“在道义上美国应该实行对意大利的石油禁运，但在法律上美国政府没有权力实施禁运”。And see Robert A. Divine, Roosevelt and World War II, Baltimore, 1969, pp. 11—13.
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24 Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, p. 29.
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25 Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, pp. 31—33; Cordell Hull laid out the government’s position, and defended it, in Hull, vol. 1, pp. 476—485.
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26 Kennedy, pp. 398—399.
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27 Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, his Lieutenants, and their War, London, 1987, pp. 32—33.
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28 The passage containing the quotation is included in Divine, Roosevelt and World War II, p. 9; and also quoted in Brogan, p. 569.
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29 Quoted in John T. Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth, New York, 1956, pp. 90—92.
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30 Flynn, p. 92.
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31 Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, pp. 48—49.
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32 Kennedy, p. 388.
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33 For Hull’s background and career, see Irwin F. Gellman, Secret Affairs. Franklin Roosevelt, Cordell Hull, and Sumner Welles, Baltimore/London, 1995, pp. 20—36.
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34 Alsop and Kintner, pp. 14, 25.
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35 David Reynolds, The Creation of the Anglo-American Alliance 1937—1941. A Study in Competitive Co-operation, Chapel Hill, NC, 1982, p. 27.
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36 Quoted in Kennedy, p. 405. Michael Leigh，Mobilizing Consent：Public Opinion and American Foreign Policy，1937—1947（Westport，Conn.，1976），第 48 页，作者通过对“隔离演说”时美国民意的仔细分析得出结论，罗斯福根本不是被公众的态度所限，而“是把他自己的犹豫不决传递给了大众”，“当时孤立主义运动已经摇摇欲坠了,他却拒绝行动”。
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37 Quoted in William R. Rock, Chamberlain and Roosevelt. British Foreign Policy and the United States, 1937—1940, Columbus, Ohio, 1988, p. 48.
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38 Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 1: The Gathering Storm, London, 1948, p. 229. 这个举动是韦尔斯提议，总统采纳的，但是遭到国务卿赫尔反对。See Sumner Welles, Seven Major Decisions, London, 1951, pp. 29—44; and Rock, pp. 51—77.
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39 Rock, p. 70.
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40 Foreign Relations of the United States. Diplomatic Papers 1938, vol. 1, Washington, 1955, p. 688; also quoted in Rock, p. 124, and Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent,p. 54. See also Divine, Roosevelt and World War II, pp. 20—23, for the impact of the Czech crisis on Roosevelt.
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41 Kennedy, p. 419.
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42 Kennedy, pp. 416—417.
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43 David Reynolds, From Munich to Pearl Harbor. Roosevelt’s America and the Origins of the Second World War, Chicago, 2001, pp. 42—43.
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44 Alsop and Kintner, pp. 25, 41. 关于韦尔斯的性格与他的职业生涯，参见 Gellman，第 59—69 页。
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45 Alsop and Kintner, pp. 28—29.
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46 关于美国对空军发展的看重程度，参见 Michael S. Sherry，The Rise of American Air Power：The Creation of Armageddon（New Haven/London，1987），第 76—91 页。
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47 Freidel, pp. 307—313.
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