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6 Stimson Diaries, Reel 6, entry for 22.4.41; Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 442.
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7 Public Papers and Addresses, vol. 8 (1939), p. 3; Joseph Alsop and Robert Kintner, American White Paper. The Story of American Diplomacy and the Second World War, London, 1940, p. 31; Robert Dallek, Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932—1945, New York, 1979, p. 179; Robert A. Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent. American Entry into World War II, New York, 1965, p. 56; David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear. The American People in Depression and War, 1929—1945, New York/Oxford, 1999, p. 427.
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8 Quoted in Alsop and Kintner, p. 68.
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9 Waldo H. Heinrichs, Jr., Threshold of War. Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Entry into World War II, New York/Oxford, 1988, p. 11.
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10 Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 2: Their Finest Hour, London, 1949, p. 503.
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11 Churchill and Roosevelt. The Complete Correspondence, ed. Warren F. Kimball, Princeton, 1984, vol. 1, doc. C-84x, pp. 181—182 (3.5.41); Heinrichs, Threshold of War, p. 81.
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12 Quoted in Kennedy, p. 496.
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13 The title of chapter 3 of Warren F. Kimball, Forged in War. Churchill, Roosevelt and the Second World War, London, 1997.
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14 罗斯福在新政当中的作用是无可替代的。他感兴趣的领域都获得了成功，而他缺乏兴趣的领域（例如低价房），还有他犹豫不决的工业战略，都成为经济中的弱项领域，见 Tony Badger，The New Deal：The Depression Years，1933—40（London，1989），第 9 页。Patrick Renshaw，Franklin D. Roosevelt：Profiles in Power（London，2004），第 107 页，指出了罗斯福在 1933 年以后美国恢复国民士气时候的“强大个人作用”。
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15 See Frank Freidel, Franklin D. Roosevelt. A Rendezvous with Destiny, Boston, 1990, p. 252. See also Renshaw, p. 120; and Badger, pp. 94—104.
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16 Freidel, p. 287; Kennedy, pp. 347—349; Hugh Brogan, The Pelican History of the United States of America, Harmondsworth, 1986, p. 565. 共和党在众议院赢得了 80 个席位，在参议院赢得了 8 个席位；虽然民主党仍然控制着参众两院，但跨党派的联合意味着反对罗斯福的力量大大加强了。
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17 On American loans, and insistence on repayment, see Zara Steiner, The Lights that Failed. European International History 1919—1933, Oxford, 2005, pp. 38—39, 185, 188.
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18 Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, pp. 8—10; Kennedy, pp. 387—388.
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19 Quoted in Kennedy, p. 386.
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20 Freidel, p. 171.
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21 Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, pp. 17—22.
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22 Kennedy, p. 393.
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23 Kennedy, pp. 395—396. 关于美国石油资源与阿比西尼亚战争，参见 Cordell Hull，The Memoirs of Cordell Hull（New York，1948），vol. 1，第 422—442 页，尤其是赫尔承认（第 442 页），“我们已经尽力了”，虽然“在道义上美国应该实行对意大利的石油禁运，但在法律上美国政府没有权力实施禁运”。And see Robert A. Divine, Roosevelt and World War II, Baltimore, 1969, pp. 11—13.
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24 Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, p. 29.
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25 Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, pp. 31—33; Cordell Hull laid out the government’s position, and defended it, in Hull, vol. 1, pp. 476—485.
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26 Kennedy, pp. 398—399.
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27 Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, his Lieutenants, and their War, London, 1987, pp. 32—33.
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28 The passage containing the quotation is included in Divine, Roosevelt and World War II, p. 9; and also quoted in Brogan, p. 569.
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29 Quoted in John T. Flynn, The Roosevelt Myth, New York, 1956, pp. 90—92.
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30 Flynn, p. 92.
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