打字猴:1.707347738e+09
1707347738 123 Hull, vol. 2, p. 943.
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1707347740 124 参议院外交事务方面的主要参议员们告诉罗斯福总统,虽然他们认为大多数议员赞成修法,但是仍会有长时间的辩论,而且孤立主义议员会故意拖延表决过程(Lash,第 426 页)。
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1707347742 125 Hull, vol. 2, pp. 1046—1047.
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1707347744 126 Sherwood, White House Papers, vol. 1, p. 380.
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1707347746 127 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 752.
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1707347748 128 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, pp. 752—756; Sherwood, White House Papers, vol. 1, p. 381.
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1707347750 129 Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, p. 146.
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1707347752 130 Sherwood, White House Papers, vol. 1, p. 383.
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1707347754 131 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 757.
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1707347756 132 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 758; Divine, The Reluctant Belligerent, p. 147.
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1707347758 133 See Dallek, p. 292.
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1707347760 134 Quoted in Bailey and Ryan, p. 209.
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1707347762 135 See Reynolds, Anglo-American Alliance, p. 218.
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1707347764 136 Some of the following points are presented in Bailey and Ryan, pp. 260—263; Reynolds, Anglo-American Alliance, p. 218; and Reynolds, From Munich to Pearl Harbor, p. 157.
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1707347766 137 这个观点在 9 月底斯塔克海军上将关于是否推动修改中立法案的备忘录里得到明确表述。但是,斯塔克一直在敦促美国直接参战,他认为美国应该尽快对德作战,就算同时不得不和日本开战也在所不惜(引自 Sherwood,White House Papers,vol. 1,第 381 页)。但是我们看到,罗斯福不准备这样做。
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1707347768 138 Quoted in Dallek, p. 289; and Reynolds, Anglo-American Alliance, p. 353 n. 114.
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1707347770 139 Reynolds, Anglo-American Alliance, pp. 219—220.
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1707347772 140 Langer and Gleason, The Undeclared War, p. 923; Kennedy, pp. 487—488.
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1707347774 141 Kennedy, p. 487.
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1707347776 142 Quoted in Sherwood, White House Papers, vol. 1, p. 415.
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1707347778 143 在 1941 年秋天,罗斯福似乎还认为,如果苏联能坚持住,他可以不用派部队前往欧洲作战,他把向苏联提供援助视为代替美国地面部队的一种方式。但是,陆军认为如果不部署美军,苏联和英国无法击败德国。所以援助英苏的目标是帮助他们坚持抵抗,直到美国完成军备重整,能够投入战争为止。因为租借法案给苏联运去了能够装备 101 个陆军师的武器装备,美军在欧洲部署的规模比胜利计划预见的要小(Stoler,第 55—58 页,第 285 页注释 64)。
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1707347780 144 Quoted in Sherwood, White House Papers, vol. 1, p. 419.
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1707347782
1707347783 命运攸关的抉择:1940-1941年间改变世界的十个决策 第八章 东京,1941 年 8 月
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1707347785 1 Nobutaka Ike (ed.), Japan’s Decision for War. Records of the 1941 Policy Conferences, Stanford, Calif., 1967, p. 72.
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1707347787 2 关于日本对北进计划的讨论,参见 Hosoya Chihiro,“Northern Defence”,in James William Morley(ed.),The Fateful Choice:Japan’s Advance into Southeast Asia, 1939—1941(New York,1980),第 94—112 页。关于海军在南进计划中的立场,参见 Tsunoda Jun,“The Navy’s Role in the Southern Strategy”,第 287—295 页。
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