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28 Biran,Qaidu and the Rise of the Independent Mongol State,pp. 26-29;Buell,Historical Dictionary,pp. 82-83.
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29 Biran,Qaidu and the Rise of the Independent Mongol State,pp. 26-27.
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30 同上,pp.27-28。
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31 今译赫拉特。——译者
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32 Michal Biran,‘The Chaghadaids and Islam:The Conversion of Tarmashirin Khan(1331-1334)’,Journal of the American Oriental Society,CXXII/4(2002),p. 748.
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33 Devin DeWeese,‘The Eclipse of the Kubraviya in Central Asia’,Iranian Studies,XXI/1-2(1988),pp. 48-49;Biran,‘The Chaghadaids and Islam’,p. 751;John Woods,The Timurid Dynasty(Bloomington,IN,1990),p. 12.
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34 Biran,‘The Chaghadaids and Islam’,pp. 749-750.
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35 今译埃米尔。——译者
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36 Broadbridge,Kingship and Ideology,p. 58. 作者指出,别儿哥将自己与马穆鲁克苏丹拜巴尔斯之间的关系视为封君与封臣的关系,而马穆鲁克史料则表明二者之间是平等关系。考虑到蒙古人的观点以及黄金家族后裔的地位,我必须同意这一观点。多数马穆鲁克苏丹的钦察出身,意味着他们是金帐汗国的属臣,即使这在埃及不是真实情况,那么在金帐汗国大汗们的世界观中也确是如此。
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37 J. J. Saunders,‘The Mongol Defeat at Ain Jalut and the Restoration of the Greek Empire’,in Muslims and Mongols: Essays in Medieval Asia(Christchurch,1977),pp. 71-76.
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38 Ibn Battuta,Rihala Ibn Battuta(Beirut,1995),pp. 255-257;Ross Dunn,The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the 14th Century(Berkeley,CA,2005),pp. 160-161.
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