1707382091
5 Igor de Rachewiltz,trans. and ed.,The Secret History of the Mongols(Leiden,2004),pp. 113-114.
1707382092
1707382093
1707382094
1707382095
6 同上,pp. 152-158。
1707382096
1707382097
1707382098
1707382099
7 Thomas T. Allsen,Mongol Imperialism: The Policies of the Grand Qan Möngke in China, Russia, and the Islamic Lands, 1251-1259(Berkeley,CA,1987),pp. 73-74.
1707382100
1707382101
1707382102
1707382103
8 Allsen,‘Guard and Government’,pp. 517-518,521;Allsen,Mongol Imperialism,p. 100.
1707382104
1707382105
1707382106
1707382107
9 Marco Polo,The Travels of Marco Polo,trans. Henry Yule(New York,1992),p. 329.
1707382108
1707382109
1707382110
1707382111
10 Uli Schamiloglu,‘The Qaraci Beys of the Later Golden Horde:Notes on the Organization of the Mongol World Empire’,Archivum Eurasie Medii Aevi,IV(1984),pp. 283-297.
1707382112
1707382113
1707382114
1707382115
11 Christopher P. Atwood,‘Keshig’,in Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire(New York,2004),p. 298.
1707382116
1707382117
1707382118
1707382119
12 Paul D. Buell,‘Kalmyk Tanggaci People:Thoughts on the Mechanics and Impact of Mongol Expansion’,Mongolian Studies,VI(1980),p. 47.
1707382120
1707382121
1707382122
1707382123
13 Paul D. Buell,‘Kalmyk Tanggaci People:Thoughts on the Mechanics and Impact of Mongol Expansion’,Mongolian Studies,VI(1980),p. 45.
1707382124
1707382125
1707382126
1707382127
14 Grigor of Akanc,‘The History of the Nation of the Archers’,trans. R. P. Blake and R. N. Frye,Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies,XII(1949),p. 337. 格里哥尔使用的词汇是“t’emayc’ik’”,显然是蒙古语中“tanmaghci”一词的施动名词形式的讹写。柯立夫(Francis W. Cleaves)也讨论了这个词,参看‘The Mongolian Names and Terms in The History of the Nation of the Archers by Grigor of Akanc’,Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies,XII(1949),pp. 439-442。
1707382128
1707382129
1707382130
1707382131
15 Buell,‘Kalmyk Tanggaci People’,p. 45.
1707382132
1707382133
1707382134
1707382135
16 同上,p. 47。
1707382136
1707382137
1707382138
1707382139
17 ‘Ala al-Din Ata Malik Juvaini,The History of the World-Conqueror,trans. J. A. Boyle(Seattle,WA,1997),pp. 349,351;‘Ala al-Din Ata Malik Juvaini,Ta’rîkh-i-Jahân-Gusha,ed. Mirza Muhammad Qazvini(Leiden,1912,1916,1937),3 vols,vol. II,pp. 81,83. 书中在第 349 页使用了“沙黑纳”,而在第 351 页则称之为“巴思哈”。
1707382140
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.707382091e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]