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5 Biran，Empire of the Qara Khitai，pp. 81-82，194-196.
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6 ‘Ala al-Din Ata Malik Juvaini，Ta’rîkh-i-Jahân-Gusha，ed. Mîrzâ Muhammad Qazvini（Leiden，1912，1916，1937），p. 50；‘Ala al-Din Ata Malik Juvaini，The History of the World-Conqueror，trans. J. A. Boyle（Seattle，WA，1997），p. 67.
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7 Anatoly Khazanov，‘Muhammad and Jenghiz Khan Compared：The Religious Factor in World Empire Building’，Comparative Studies in Society and History，XXXV（1993），p. 468.
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8 Sh. Bira，‘Mongolian Tenggerism and Modern Globalism：A Retrospective Outlook on Globalisation’，Journal of the Royal Asiatic Series，XIV（2003），pp. 3-12.
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9 William of Rubruck，‘The Journey of William of Rubruck’，in The Mission to Aisa，pp. 117-119. 从鲁布鲁克到访时的种种迹象来看，撒里答是一名基督徒。波斯作家志费尼的记载进一步证实了这一点。参看 Minhaj Siraj Juzjani，Tabaqat-i Nasiri（Lahore，1975），vol. II，pp. 286-287；Minhaj Siraj Juzjani，Tabaqat-i Nasiri，trans. H. G. Raverty（New Delhi，1970），vol. II，p. 1291。
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10 Anatoly Khazanov，‘The Spread of World Religions in Medieval Nomadic Societies of the Eurasian Steppes’，Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia，I （1994），p. 15.
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11 Pope Innocent IV，‘Two Bulls of Pope Innocent IV Addressed to the Emperor of the Tartars’，in William of Rubruck，The Mission to Asia，pp. 75-76.
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12 James Muldoon，Popes, Lawyers, and Infidels（Philadelphia，PA，1979），pp. 42-43.
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13 Güyük Khan，‘Guyuk Khan’s Letter to Pope Innocent IV（1246）’，in William of Rubruck，The Mission to Asia，pp. 85-86.
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14 Francis W. Cleaves，trans. and ed.，The Secret History of the Mongols （Cambridge，1980），p. 53.
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15 Jean de Joinville，‘The Life of Saint Louis’，in Chronicles of the Crusades，trans. and ed. M. R. B. Shaw（New York，1963），pp. 287-288.
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16 Muldoon，Popes, Lawyers, and Infidels，p. 50.
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