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7 Anatoly Khazanov,‘Muhammad and Jenghiz Khan Compared:The Religious Factor in World Empire Building’,Comparative Studies in Society and History,XXXV(1993),p. 468.
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8 Sh. Bira,‘Mongolian Tenggerism and Modern Globalism:A Retrospective Outlook on Globalisation’,Journal of the Royal Asiatic Series,XIV(2003),pp. 3-12.
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9 William of Rubruck,‘The Journey of William of Rubruck’,in The Mission to Aisa,pp. 117-119. 从鲁布鲁克到访时的种种迹象来看,撒里答是一名基督徒。波斯作家志费尼的记载进一步证实了这一点。参看 Minhaj Siraj Juzjani,Tabaqat-i Nasiri(Lahore,1975),vol. II,pp. 286-287;Minhaj Siraj Juzjani,Tabaqat-i Nasiri,trans. H. G. Raverty(New Delhi,1970),vol. II,p. 1291。
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10 Anatoly Khazanov,‘The Spread of World Religions in Medieval Nomadic Societies of the Eurasian Steppes’,Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia,I (1994),p. 15.
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11 Pope Innocent IV,‘Two Bulls of Pope Innocent IV Addressed to the Emperor of the Tartars’,in William of Rubruck,The Mission to Asia,pp. 75-76.
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12 James Muldoon,Popes, Lawyers, and Infidels(Philadelphia,PA,1979),pp. 42-43.
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13 Güyük Khan,‘Guyuk Khan’s Letter to Pope Innocent IV(1246)’,in William of Rubruck,The Mission to Asia,pp. 85-86.
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14 Francis W. Cleaves,trans. and ed.,The Secret History of the Mongols (Cambridge,1980),p. 53.
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15 Jean de Joinville,‘The Life of Saint Louis’,in Chronicles of the Crusades,trans. and ed. M. R. B. Shaw(New York,1963),pp. 287-288.
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16 Muldoon,Popes, Lawyers, and Infidels,p. 50.
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17 Muldoon,Popes, Lawyers, and Infidels,p. 36.这些特权常常与婚姻有关,例如择偶标准可能与天主教会接受的程度不一致。
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18 Güyük Khan,‘Guyuk Khan’s Letter’,p. 85. 教皇要求蒙古人皈依基督教,并停止进攻基督教世界,贵由汗在回信中说:“汝既云我应作一聂思脱里基督徒,敬神而禁欲,然汝等如何知晓上帝宽恕何人,怜悯何人?”
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19 G. W. Houston,‘An Overview of Nestorians in Inner Asia’,Central Asiatic Journal,XXIV(1980),pp. 64-65.
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