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18 Cantor，In the Wake of the Plague，p. 203.
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19 Aberth，The First Horseman，pp. 19-20；Irwin W. Sherman，The Power of Plagues（Washington，DC，2006），pp. 79-80.
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20 Sherman，Power of Plagues，p. 78.
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21 Cantor，In the Wake of the Plague，pp. 206-208.
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22 Dols，The Black Death in the Middle East，pp. 10，291-292.
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23 Ross Dunn，The Adventures of Ibn Battuta: A Muslim Traveler of the 14th Century（Berkeley，CA，2005），p. 270；Ibn Battuta，Rihala Ibn Battuta.
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24 Abu Hafs Umar al-Wardi，‘Essay on the Report of the Pestilence’，in The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348-1350，ed. John Aberth（Boston，MA，2005），p. 17.
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25 Imad al-Din Abu al-Fida Ismail ibn Umar Ibn Kathir，‘The Beginning and End：On History’，in The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348-1350，ed. John Aberth（Boston，MA，2005），p. 11.
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26 Ahmad ibn Ali al-Maqrizi，‘A History of the Ayybids and Mamluks’，in The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348-1350，ed. John Aberth（Boston，MA，2005），pp. 84-85.
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27 同上，p. 85。
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28 Ahmad ibn Ali al-Maqrizi，‘A History of the Ayybids and Mamluks’，pp. 86-87.
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29 Dols，The Black Death in the Middle East，p. 294.
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30 Uli Schamiloglu，‘The Rise of the Ottoman Empire：The Black Death in Medieval Anatolia and its Impact on Turkish Civilization’，in Views From the Edge: Essays in Honor of Richard W. Bulliet，ed. Neguin Yavari，Lawrence G. Potter and Jean-Marc Ran Oppenheim（New York，2004），pp. 270-273.
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