1707497880
8.Steve Lopez,“Money for Stadiums,But Not for Schools,“Time,June4,1999.
1707497881
1707497882
9.Holt,p.36.
1707497883
1707497884
10.Rader,p.7.
1707497885
1707497886
11.Vincent,pp.28-29.
1707497887
1707497888
12.Lever,p.36.
1707497889
1707497890
13.Ibid.,p.41.
1707497891
1707497892
14.Hobsbawm,“Mass Producing Traditions,“pp.288-89.
1707497893
1707497894
15.Ibid.,p.300.
1707497895
1707497896
16.Pope,p.328.
1707497897
1707497898
17.Norman Chad,“World Cup Soccer Stirs Emotions That Few Americans Can Understand,“Los Angeles Times,June15,1986.
1707497899
1707497900
18.Louis Kutcher,“The American Sports Event as Carnival：An Emergent Norm Approach to Crowd Behavior,“Journal of Popular Culture16,no.4(Spring1983)：34-41.
1707497901
1707497902
19.Morris,p.248.
1707497903
1707497904
20.See http：//www.straightdope.com/classics/a2_186.html.
1707497905
1707497906
21.Bob Harvilla,“Thumping for Tejada,“East Bay Express,May2,2003,p.58.
1707497907
1707497908
22.Mark Simon,“A Little Bit of Brazil in Palo Alto,“San Francisco Chronicle,June21,1993.
1707497909
1707497910
23.May Colleen,the Airbrush Shoppe,phone interview with the author.
1707497911
1707497912
24.Bobbi Weiner,phone interview with the author.
1707497913
1707497914
25.http：//www.koreainfogate.com/2002worldcup/news.asp?column=97.
1707497915
1707497916
26.“Soccer Crowds Sing,Sing,Sing for the Homeland Team,“Washington Post,July16,1994.
1707497917
1707497918
27.Klaus Hansen,review of Soccer Fan Singing：A FANomenology,by Reinhard Kopiez and Guido Brink,RPM,no.26,Summer1998.
1707497919
1707497920
28.Bellos,p.140.
1707497921
1707497922
29.Morris,p.258.
1707497923
1707497924
30.Quoted in ibid.,p.258.
1707497925
1707497926
31.Mark Trumbull,“How’the Wave’Swept the Nation,“Christian Science Monitor,January29,1993.
1707497927
1707497928
32.George Vecsey,“Help Stop the Wave,“New York Times,June25,1984.
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