1707497930
33.“Sports of the Times：Permanent Wave in Motown,“New York Times,October6,1984.
1707497931
1707497932
34.Cashmore,p.182.
1707497933
1707497934
35.Wann et al.,p.128.
1707497935
1707497936
36.Kutcher,p.39.
1707497937
1707497938
37.Sheila Moss,http：//www.humorcolumnist.com/football.htm.
1707497939
1707497940
38.Morris,p.252.
1707497941
1707497942
39.Bellos,p.128.
1707497943
1707497944
40.“It Isn’t Just a Game：Clues to Avid Rooting,“New York Times,August11,2000.
1707497945
1707497946
41.Harvilla,“Thumping for Tejada.”
1707497947
1707497948
42.Franz Lidz,“Out of Bounds,“Sports Illustrated,November30,1992.
1707497949
1707497950
43.Faludi,pp.205-6.
1707497951
1707497952
44.Bellos,p.140.
1707497953
1707497954
45.Guttmann,p.145.
1707497955
1707497956
46.Faludi,p.204.
1707497957
1707497958
47.Quoted in Michael Silver,“Rock’n’Roll Is Here to Play,“Time,May24,1999.
1707497959
1707497960
48.Quoted in ibid.
1707497961
1707497962
49.Ibid.
1707497963
1707497964
50.Damian Dobrosielski and Deepika Reddy,“The Art of Sports,“http：//www.collegian.psu/hppt//www.collegian.psu.edu/07-05-94index.aspnews07-05-94index.asp-news.
1707497965
1707497966
51.Catherine Applefeld Olson,“Pro Sports Marketing Pitches for Athletic Events,“Billboard,September8,2002.
1707497967
1707497968
52.Sean Jensen,“Bring Down the Noise,“Pioneer Press,March20,2002.
1707497969
1707497970
53.Tara Rodgers,“Take Me’Out’to the Ballgame：Interventions into the Transformation of the Village People’s’YMCA’from Disco Anthem to Ballpark Fun,“Pinknoises.com,http：//www.pinknoises.com/ymca.shtml.
1707497971
1707497972
54.Stan Savran,“Stadium Music Has Gone to Dogs,“http：//www.postgazette.com/sports/columnist/20001022stan.asp.
1707497973
1707497974
55.David Jackson,“Passion Fuels Soccer’s Biggest Party,“Dallas Morning News,July10,1994.
1707497975
1707497976
56.Masakazu Yamazaki,“A Parody of Nationalism：Soccer and the Japanese,“Correspondence[Council on Foreign Relations],Winter2002-3：30.
1707497977
1707497978
57.D.S.Eitzen,quoted in Wann et al.,p.197.
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