打字猴:1.707501979e+09
1707501979
1707501980 [73]D.Navridi,‘Socio-Economic and Political Change in Safavid Iran in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries’,博士论文,范德比尔特大学,1977年,pp.71ff。
1707501981
1707501982 [74]J.B.Tacernier,Voyage en Perse (Paris,1970),pp.251–252。Tavernier在1639年进行他的第一次访问,他的旅行记于1670年首次出版。
1707501983
1707501984 [75]Navridi,‘Safavid Iran’,p.168.
1707501985
1707501986 [76]J.Fryer,A New Account of East India and Persia,Being Nine Years’ Travels,1672–1681,ed.W.Crooke (3 vols.,London,1909–1915),vol.2,pp.246–250.
1707501987
1707501988 [77]在19世纪,伊朗人中约有1/3到一半是游牧人口和部落人口。A.Wink,AL-Hind:The Making of the Indo-Islamic World.vol.2:Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest,11th–13th Centuries (Leiden,1997),p.15。
1707501989
1707501990 [78]Halm,Shiism,pp.94–98.
1707501991
1707501992 [79]对巴布尔的起源和早年生涯,参见S.A.M.Adshead,Central Asia in World History (London,1993),pp.131ff。
1707501993
1707501994 [80]J.F.Richards,The Mughal Empire (Cambridge,1993),p.6.
1707501995
1707501996 [81]S.F.Dale,Indian Merchants and Eurasian Trade 1600–1750 (Cambridge,1994),pp.6–7.
1707501997
1707501998 [82]Baburnama(纪念巴布尔),英译本,A.S.Beveridge (Delhi,1921,1989),pp.531–532。
1707501999
1707502000 [83]Richards,Mughal Empire,p.2.
1707502001
1707502002 [84]R.M.Eaton,The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier 1204–1760 (London,1993),p.36.
1707502003
1707502004 [85]关于埃米尔,参见Richards,Mughal Empire,p.19。
1707502005
1707502006 [86]T.Raychaudhuri and I.Habib (eds.),The Cambridge Economic History of India,vol.1:c.1200–1750 (Cambridge,1982),p.184;Richards,Mughal Empire,p.66.
1707502007
1707502008 [87]D.Streusand,The Formation of the Mughal Empire (Delhi,1989),p.71.
1707502009
1707502010 [88]Raychaudhuri and Habib (eds.),Economic History,vol.1,p.266.。
1707502011
1707502012 [89]Ibid.,p.130.
1707502013
1707502014 [90]Ibid.,p.131.
1707502015
1707502016 [91]F.C.R.Robinson,‘Perso-Islamic Culture in India from the 17th to the early 20th centuries’,R.L.Canfield (ed.),Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective (Cambridge,1991),pp.110–111.
1707502017
1707502018 [92]Adshead,Central Asia,p.131.
1707502019
1707502020 [93]参见Dale,Indian Merchants,pp.15,21;Raychaudhuri and Habib (eds.),Economic History,vol.1对莫卧儿经济的概述。
1707502021
1707502022 [94]Tavernier注意到的至于法国或意大利的安全,参见Raychaudhuri and Habib (eds.),Economic History,vol.1。
1707502023
1707502024 [95]关于这些方面,参见Ibid.,pp.288–301。
1707502025
1707502026 [96]我把这种看法归功于David Washbrook的未发表的论文。
1707502027
1707502028 [97]E.L.Farmer,Early Ming Government:The Evolution of Dual Capitals (Cambridge,Mass.,1976),p.19.
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