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[147]S.Gordon,Marathas,Marauders and State Formation in 18th Century India (New Delhi,1994),p.28.
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[148]Ibid.,第2章。
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[149]A.Wink,Land nad Sovereignty in India:Agrarian Society and Politics under the Eighteenth-Century Maratha Svarajya (Cambridge,1986),p.40.
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[150]Ibid.,pp.7,34.
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[151] M.Alam,The Crisis of Empire in Mughal North India:Awadh and the Punjab 1707–1748 (Delhi,1986),p.241.
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[152]W.Irvine,The Later Mughals,vol.2:1719–1739 (Calcutta,1922),p.360.
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[153]关于莫卧儿帝国的“核心区”,见Jos Gommans,Mughal Warfare:Indian Frontiers and the Highroads to Empire 1500–1700 (London,2002),p.18。
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[154]D.Ludden,Peasant History on South India (New Delhi,1989),p.74.
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[155] Perlin,‘Commercial Manufacture’.
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[156]关于怀特的生涯,见M.Collos.Siamese White (London,1936)。
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[157]Forrest,Lord Clive,vol.1,p.26.
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[158]G.R.G.Hamblu,‘The Emperor’s Clothes’,in S.Gordon (ed.),Robes of Honour (New Delhi.2003),pp.31–49,尤其是p.43。
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[159]出色的研究见J.J.L.Gommans,The Rise of the Indo-Alghan Empire,c.1710–1780 (Leiden,1995)。
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[160]关于格鲁吉亚的引人入胜的真知灼见,W.E.D.Allen,Russian Embassies to the Georgian Kings (1589–1605),Hakluyt Society,2nd Series.138 (2 vols.,Cambridge,1970),vol.1,‘Introduction’。
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[161]L.Lockhart,Nadir Shah (London,1938),p.268.
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[162]Ibid.,p.268;P.Sykes,A History of Persia (3rd edn,2 vols.,London,1951),vol.2,pp.241ff.
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[163]Gommans,Indo-Afghan Empire,pp.55ff.
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[164]Ibid.,pp.26–27.
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[165]R.L.Canfield,Turko-Persia in Historical Perspetive (Cambridge,1991),p.22.
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[166]Lockjart,Nadir Shah,pp.212ff.
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[167]Gommans,Indo-Afghan Empire,p.177.
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[168]De Vries and van der Woude,The First Modern Economy,p.693.
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全球帝国史:帖木儿之后帝国的兴与衰(1400-2000) 4.欧亚大陆革命
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