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[4]参见P.E.Moseley,Russian Diplomacy and the Opening of the Eastern Question in 1838–1839 (Cambridge,Mass.,1934);B.H.Sumner,Russia and the Balkans,1870–1880 (Oxford,1937);R.W.Seton-Watson,Disraeli.Gladstone and the Eastern Question (London,1935),esp.pp.194–195。
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[5]关于帕麦斯顿的外交的国内压力,参见E.D.Steele,Palmerston and Liberalism 1855–1865 (Cambridge,1991)。
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[6]参见C.J.Bartlett,Great Britain and Seapower 1815–1853 (Oxford,1963);G.S.Graham,The Politics of Naval Supremacy (Cambridge,1965);P.Kennedy,The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery (London,1976),第6章。
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[7]在美国内战期间,例外的是北方对南方的4年封锁。
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[8]对拿破仑声誉和遗产的长期争论的精彩研究的主题,见P.Geyl,Napoleon:For and Against (London,1949)。
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[9]贡斯当(1767—1830)的思想可以在他的著作中寻找:De Pesprit de conquete et de l’usurpation (1814),principes de politique (1815),以及 Melanges de literature et depolitique (1829) in Benjamin Constant,Ecrits politiques,ed.M.Gauchet (Paris,1997)。
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[10]关于托克维尔、J.S.穆勒和瑞士历史学家雅各布·布克哈特的研究,见A.S.Kahan,Aristocratic Liberalism (London,1992)。
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[11]关于雅各布·布克哈特的研究,见L.Gossman,Basel in the Age of Burckhardt (Chicago,2000),第5、10、11章。
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[12]O.Figes,Natasha’s Dance:A Cultural History of Russia (London,2002),p.76.
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[13]Ibid.,第2章。
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[14]H.Seton-Watson,The Russian Empire 1801–1917 (Oxford,1967),p.355.
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[15]B.Eklof,J.Bushnell and L.Zakharova (eds.),Russia’s Great Reforms 1855–1881 (Bloomington,Ind.,1994),pp.214,233.
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[16]Ibid.,p.249.
1707503284
1707503285
[17]G.Hosking,Russia:People and Empire 1552–1917 (London,1997),p.333.
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[18]关于Kliuchevskii,见N.V.Riasonovsky,The Image of Peter the Great in Russian History and Though (Oxford,1985)。
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[19]E.G.Wakefield,A Letter form Sydney (1829;Everyman edn,London,1929),p.47.
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[20]大约19世纪30年代以后法国对美国日益不安的看法,见R.Remond,Les Etats-Unis devant l’opinion francaise 1815–1852 (Paris,1962),pp.675,731,740,863。
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[21]参见D.Potter,The Impending Struggle (New York,1976),p.244;D.W.Howe,The Political Culture of the American Whigs (Chicagp,1974)。1828—1836年,安德罗·杰克逊是美国总统。
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[22]A.J.H.Latham and L.Neal.‘The International Market in Rice and Wheat,1868–1914’,Economic History Review,New Series,36,2(1983),pp.260–275.
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[23] C.Jones,International Business in the Nineteenth Century (Brighton,1987);Merchants to Multinationals:British Trading Companies in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (Oxford,2000);D.R.SarDesai,British Trade and Expansion in Southeast Asia,1830–1914 (New Delhi,1977).
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[24]A.G.Kenwood and A.L.Lougheed,The Growth of the International Economy 1820–1980 (London,1983),pp.90–91。关于大西洋经济整合——一个一直伸展到远达澳大利亚的领域,参看K.H.O’Rourke and J.G.Williamson,Globalization and History:The Evolution of a Nineteenth-Century Atlantic Economy (Cambridge,Mass.,1999)。
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[25]Kenwood and Lougheed,International Economy,p.93.
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[26]W.Schlote,British Overseas Trade from 1700 to the 1930s (Oxford,1952),pp.156–158.
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[27]B.R.Mitchell,Arstract of British Historical Statistics (Cambridge,1962),p.317.
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[28]P.Bairoch,Victoires et deboires:Histoire economique et sociale de monde du xvi siecle a nos jours (3 vols.,Paris,1997),vol.2,p.34.
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