打字猴:1.7075033e+09
1707503300
1707503301 [25]Kenwood and Lougheed,International Economy,p.93.
1707503302
1707503303 [26]W.Schlote,British Overseas Trade from 1700 to the 1930s (Oxford,1952),pp.156–158.
1707503304
1707503305 [27]B.R.Mitchell,Arstract of British Historical Statistics (Cambridge,1962),p.317.
1707503306
1707503307 [28]P.Bairoch,Victoires et deboires:Histoire economique et sociale de monde du xvi siecle a nos jours (3 vols.,Paris,1997),vol.2,p.34.
1707503308
1707503309 [29]Ibid.,p.18.
1707503310
1707503311 [30]B.H.Sumner,A Survey of Russian History (London,1944),p.356–357.
1707503312
1707503313 [31]Bairoch,Victoires et deboires,vol.I,p.467.
1707503314
1707503315 [32]S.L.Engerman and R.E.Gallman (eds.),The Cambridge Economic History of the United States,vol.2:The Long Nineteenth Century (Cambridge,2000),p.713.
1707503316
1707503317 [33]Mitchell,Abstract,pp.315,318。北方=俄国、瑞典、挪威、丹麦。西方=法国、比利时、荷兰。
1707503318
1707503319 [34]参见Cameron,France and the Economic Development of Europe。
1707503320
1707503321 [35]Engerman and Gallman (eds.),Economic History,vol.2,p.696;L.E.Davis and R.J.Cull.International Capital Markets and American Economic Growth 1820–1914 (Cambridge,1994),p.111。1860年以后,澳大利亚的数字是接近50%,首都的一半需要从英国供应,参见N.J.Butlin,Australian Economic Development 1861–1900 (Cambridge,1964),pp.28–30。
1707503322
1707503323 [36] R.G.Albion,The Rise of New York Port 1815–1860 (New York,1939);S.Becker,The Monied Metropolis:New York City and the Consolidation of the American Bourgeoisie (Cambridge,2001).
1707503324
1707503325 [37]Bairoch,Victoires et deboires,vol.1,p.410.
1707503326
1707503327 [38]Engerman and Gallman (eds.),Economic History,vol.2,p.50;P.Mathias,The First Industrial Nation (London,1969),p.243.
1707503328
1707503329 [39]赛勒斯·麦考密克赛勒斯·麦考密克(Cyrus McCormick,1809—1884),美国工业家、发明家,1831年发明收割机,因建厂生产收割机而致富,在1902年组建世界最大的国际收割机公司。
1707503330
1707503331 [40]S.Bruchey,Enterprise:The Dynamic Economy of a Free People (London,1990),p.237.
1707503332
1707503333 [41]Mitchell,Abstract,p.318.
1707503334
1707503335 [42]Engerman and Gallman,Economic History,vol.1,p.700.
1707503336
1707503337 [43]参见S.Ambrose,Undaunted Courage (New York,1996)。
1707503338
1707503339 [44]John Langdon,‘Three Voyages to the West Coast of Africa 1881–1884’,ed.M.Lynn,in B.Wood and M.Lynn (eds.),Travel,Trade and Power in the Atlantic 1765–1884 (Cambridge,2002).
1707503340
1707503341 [45]参见S.Bard,Traders of Hong Kong:Some Foreign Merchant Houses 1841–1899 (Hong Kong,1993)。
1707503342
1707503343 [46] B.S.A.Yeoh,Contesting Space-Power Relations and the Urban Built-Environment in Colonial Singapore (Kuala Lumpur,1996),p.35.
1707503344
1707503345 [47]J.Conrad,The End of the Tether (London,1902),p.168.
1707503346
1707503347 [48]J.Forbes Munro,Maritime Enterprise and Empire:Sir William Mackinnon and his Business Network (Woodbridge,2003),第5—8章。
1707503348
1707503349 [49]R.Giffen,‘The Statistical Century’,in R.Giffen,Economic Inquiries and Studies (2 vols.,London,1904),vol.2,pp.270,273.
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