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[2]Giersch,AsianBorderlands,128-145,165-178.
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[3]Paul J.Smith,TaxingHeaven’sStorehouse:Horses,Bureaucrats,andthe DestructionoftheSichuanTeaIndustry,1074-1224(Boston,MA:Harvard University Press,1991),24-25.
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[4]这两段内容主要参考了Robert Gardella,HarvestingMountains:Fujianand theChinaTeaTrade,1757-1937(Berkeley and Los Angeles,CA:University of California Press,1994),9-10,21-31,33-40。
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[5]转引自Evelyn Rawski,AgriculturalChangeandthePeasantEconomyof SouthChina(Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1972),51。译者注:乾隆《安溪县志》卷四。
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[6]转引自Gardella,HarvestingMountains,43。译者注:陈盛韶《问俗录》卷一《茶讼》。
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[7]David A.Bello,“To Go Where No Han Could Go for Long:Malaria and the Qing Construction of Ethnic Administrative Space in Frontier Yunnan,”ModernChina 31,no.3(2005):283-317.
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[8]转引自Bello,“Malaria and the Qing”,296.译者注:《清史稿》卷五百十二,鄂尔泰奏疏。
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[9]转引自Bello,“Malaria and the Qing,”283。译者注:周裕《从征缅甸日记》。
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[10]Ibid.,283-284.译者注:王昶:《征缅纪略》,第33页。
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[11]Ibid.,300.
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[12]Ibid.,306,310.
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[13]译者注:作者这里的猜测深受西方一些学者的影响,是完全没有史料支撑的,在某种程度上带有西方“黄祸论”的种族主义意识形态,详见本章第一节相关注释。
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[14]Carol Benedict,BubonicPlagueinNineteenth-CenturyChina(Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,1996),19-20,29.
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[15]Scott,TheArtofNotBeingGoverned,x-xi,138-141.
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[16]更详细的资料和案例可参见Wiens,HanChineseExpansioninSouthChina,186。
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[17]Scott,TheArtofNotBeingGoverned,178.
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[18]更多的案例可参见William T.Rowe,“Water Control and the Qing Political Process,”ModernChina 14,no.4(1988):353-387;and Peter Perdue,“Lakes of Empire:Man and Water in Chinese History,”ModernChina 16,no.1(1990):119-129。
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[19]参见邓海伦的两种论著,Helen Dunstan,“Official Thinking on Environmental Issues and the State’s Environmental Roles in Eighteenth-Century China,”in Sediments ofTime,eds.Elvin and Liu(中译本见刘翠溶、伊懋可主编:《积渐所至》,第877-916页);以及ConflictingCounselstoSoothetheAge:ADocumentaryStudyofPoliticalEconomyinQingChina(Ann Arbor,MI:University of Michigan Press,1996)。
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[20]转引自Mark Elvin,“Introduction,”in SedimentsofTime,eds.Elvin and Liu,11。中译本见刘翠溶、伊懋可主编:《积渐所至》,第14-15页。
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[21]Hong Liangqi,“China’s Population Problem,”in SourcesofChineseTradition 2nd ed.,vol.1,eds.de Bary and Bloom(New York,NY:Columbia University Press,2005),175.译者注:洪亮吉《治平篇》。
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[22]James Z.Lee and Wang Feng,OneQuarterofHumanity:MalthusianMythologyandChineseRealities(Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1999).中译本见李中清、王丰:《人类的四分之一:马尔萨斯的神话与中国的现实:1700—2000》,陈卫、姚远译,生活·读书·新知三联书店,2000。
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[23]ibid.,115-118.
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[24]参见Marks,Tigers(中译本见马立博《虎、米、丝、泥》);Chris Coggins,TheTigerandthePangolin:Nature,Culture,andConservationinChina(Honolulu,HI:University of Hawaii Press,2003)。
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[25]Elvin,TheRetreatoftheElephants,ch.2,11.
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[26]有关环境思想的历史非常复杂,主要是文化、思想和社会史学者的研究成果,除本章及以前各章所涉及的资料外,对帝制晚期中国环境思想感兴趣的读者还可参阅Ulrich and Dux,eds.,ConceptsofNature;Georges Métailié,“Concepts of nature in Traditional Chinese Meteria Medica and Botany(Sixteenth to Seventeenth Century),”345-367,and Benjamin Elman,“The Investigation of Things(gewu),Natural Studies(gezhixue),and Evidential Studies(kaozhengxue)in Late Imperial China,1600-1800),”368-399,以及Elvin,“Introduction,”in SedimentsofTime,eds.Elvin and Liu,13(中译本见刘翠溶、伊懋可主编:《积渐所至》,第16页)。
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