打字猴:1.707587955e+09
1707587955
1707587956 [13]Ibid., 28-29.
1707587957
1707587958 [14]Reardon-Anderson,ReluctantPioneers,110.
1707587959
1707587960 [15]Li,FightingFamineinNorthChina,303-307.
1707587961
1707587962 [16]Reardon-Anderson,ReluctantPioneers,103-104.
1707587963
1707587964 [17]Ibid.,140.
1707587965
1707587966 [18]Ibid.,142.
1707587967
1707587968 [19]转引自Reardon-Anderson,ReluctantPioneers,100.
1707587969
1707587970 [20]Ibid.,107.
1707587971
1707587972 [21]E.Elena Songster,“Cultivating the Nation in Fujian’s Forests:Forest Policies and Afforestation Effort in China,1911-1937,”Environmental History 8(July 2003):456.
1707587973
1707587974 [22] Ibid.,457-458.
1707587975
1707587976 [23]Ibid.,462.
1707587977
1707587978 [24]Ibid.,468.
1707587979
1707587980 [25]本部分内容主要参考了Micah S.Muscolino,FishingWarsandEnvironmental ChinainLateImperialandModernChina(Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,2009)。
1707587981
1707587982 [26]Micah S.Muscolino,FishingWarsandEnvironmentalChinainLateImperial andModernChina,22.
1707587983
1707587984 [27]Micah S.Muscolino,FishingWarsandEnvironmentalChinainLateImperial andModernChina,122.
1707587985
1707587986 [28]Ibid.,151,174-178.
1707587987
1707587988 [29]Diana Lary,“The Waters Covered the Earth:China’s War-Induced Natural Disasters,”in WarandStateTerrorism:TheUnitedStates,Japan,andtheAsia-PacificintheLongTwentiethCentury,eds.Mark Selden and Alvin Y.So(Lanham,MD: Rowman&Littlefield, 2004), 143-147.中译本见马克·赛尔登、埃尔文·Y.索主编:《战争与国家恐怖主义》,张友云译,社会科学文献出版社,2012。
1707587989
1707587990 [30]转引自Micah Muscolino,“Violence against the People and the Land:Refugees and the Environment in China’s Henan Province,1938-45”,Environment andHistory,17(2011):291-311。
1707587991
1707587992 [31]Ibid.,299.
1707587993
1707587994 [32]在战争结束以后和联合国善后救济总署的帮助下,花园口得以堵口合龙,黄河也在1946年末回到了北面的故道,相关介绍可参见Lary,“The Waters Covered the Earth”,156。
1707587995
1707587996 [33]Micah S.Muscolino,TheEcologyofWarinChina:HenanProvince,the YellowRiver,andBeyond,1938-1950(New York,NY:Cambridge University Press,2015),2.穆盛博提出了一种新的研究思路,通过考察军队、农业人口和黄河的变动情况来分析战争对华北环境的影响,因为所有这些因素都需要消耗已经陷入环境退化的华北地区的稀缺的能源供应。
1707587997
1707587998 [34]较简明的介绍可参见Lary,“The Waters Covered the Earth,”158-162。
1707587999
1707588000 [35]Ibid.,18-19.
1707588001
1707588002
1707588003
1707588004
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