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[13]Ibid., 28-29.
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[14]Reardon-Anderson,ReluctantPioneers,110.
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[15]Li,FightingFamineinNorthChina,303-307.
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[16]Reardon-Anderson,ReluctantPioneers,103-104.
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[17]Ibid.,140.
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[18]Ibid.,142.
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[19]转引自Reardon-Anderson,ReluctantPioneers,100.
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[20]Ibid.,107.
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[21]E.Elena Songster,“Cultivating the Nation in Fujian’s Forests:Forest Policies and Afforestation Effort in China,1911-1937,”Environmental History 8(July 2003):456.
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[22] Ibid.,457-458.
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[23]Ibid.,462.
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[24]Ibid.,468.
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[25]本部分内容主要参考了Micah S.Muscolino,FishingWarsandEnvironmental ChinainLateImperialandModernChina(Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,2009)。
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[26]Micah S.Muscolino,FishingWarsandEnvironmentalChinainLateImperial andModernChina,22.
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[27]Micah S.Muscolino,FishingWarsandEnvironmentalChinainLateImperial andModernChina,122.
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[28]Ibid.,151,174-178.
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[29]Diana Lary,“The Waters Covered the Earth:China’s War-Induced Natural Disasters,”in WarandStateTerrorism:TheUnitedStates,Japan,andtheAsia-PacificintheLongTwentiethCentury,eds.Mark Selden and Alvin Y.So(Lanham,MD: Rowman&Littlefield, 2004), 143-147.中译本见马克·赛尔登、埃尔文·Y.索主编:《战争与国家恐怖主义》,张友云译,社会科学文献出版社,2012。
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[30]转引自Micah Muscolino,“Violence against the People and the Land:Refugees and the Environment in China’s Henan Province,1938-45”,Environment andHistory,17(2011):291-311。
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[31]Ibid.,299.
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[32]在战争结束以后和联合国善后救济总署的帮助下,花园口得以堵口合龙,黄河也在1946年末回到了北面的故道,相关介绍可参见Lary,“The Waters Covered the Earth”,156。
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[33]Micah S.Muscolino,TheEcologyofWarinChina:HenanProvince,the YellowRiver,andBeyond,1938-1950(New York,NY:Cambridge University Press,2015),2.穆盛博提出了一种新的研究思路,通过考察军队、农业人口和黄河的变动情况来分析战争对华北环境的影响,因为所有这些因素都需要消耗已经陷入环境退化的华北地区的稀缺的能源供应。
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[34]较简明的介绍可参见Lary,“The Waters Covered the Earth,”158-162。
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[35]Ibid.,18-19.
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