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1707592340
[25]代表性研究,参见周雪光、练宏:《中国政府的治理模式——一个“控制权”理论》,载《社会学研究》,2012年第5期。
1707592341
1707592342
[26]代表性研究,参见Guobin Yang,“Environmental NGOs and Institutional Dynamics in China”,The China Quarterly,Vol.181,2005。
1707592343
1707592344
[27]Kenneth Lieberthal,“Chinas Governing System and Its Impact on Environmental Policy Implementation”,China Environmental Series 1,1997,p.8.
1707592345
1707592346
[28]Benjamin Van Rooij,“Implementation of Chinese Environmental Law:Regular Enforcement and Political Campaigns”,Development&Change,Vol.37,No.1,2006,pp.57-74.
1707592347
1707592348
[29]Eliezabeth Economy,The River Runs Black:The Environmental Challenge to Chinas Future,Ithaca:Cornell University Press,2005.
1707592349
1707592350
[30]Thomas Heberer and Anja Senz,“Streamlining Local Behavior through Comunication,Incentives and Control:A Case Study of Local Environmental Policies in China”,Journalof Current Chinese Affairs,Vol.40,No.3,2011,pp.77-112.
1707592351
1707592352
[31]Genia Kostka and Arthur P.J.Mol,“Implementation and Participation in Chinas Local Environmental Politics:Challenges and Innovations”,Journal of nvironmental Policy&Planning,Vol.15,No.1,2013,pp.3-16.
1707592353
1707592354
[32]在中国的单一制国家结构中,地方政府包括省、地级市、县(市)和乡镇四级。但是本书在研究中国地方环境政治中的执行偏差的时候,故意忽略了省一级和乡镇一级。这一方面是出于对研究规模的控制,但更重要的考虑是,环境政策的具体执行主要是以地级市、县(市)二级为主。大多数乡镇政府都不设专门的环保机构。
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[33]〔德〕希尔德加德·帕梅:《环境政策领域》,见〔德〕托马斯·海贝勒等主编:《中国与德国的环境治理:比较的视角》,中央编译出版社2012年版。
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[34]参见Bruce L.Berg,Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences(fifth edition),Boston:Pearson,2004。
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1707592360
[35]Jeffrey L.Pressman and Aaron Wildavsky,Implementation:How Great Expectations in Washington Are Dashed in Oakland,3rd ed.,Berkeley:University of California Press,1984.
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1707592362
[36]Jeffrey L.Pressman and Aaron Wildavsky,Implementation:How Great Expectations in Washington Are Dashed in Oakland,3rd ed.,Berkeley:University of California Press,1984.
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1707592364
[37]Thomas Birkland,An Introduction to the Policy Process:Theories,Concepts,and Models of Public Policy Making,3rd,Armonk,NY:M.E.Sharpe,2010.
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1707592366
[38]关于政策执行研究的发展历史和文献综述,详见Laurence J.OToole,“Research on Policy Implementation:Assessments and Prospects”,Journal of Public Administration and Theory,Vol.10,No.2,2000,pp.263-288;Jill Schofield:“Time for a Revival?Public Policy Implementation:A Review of the Literature and an Agenda for Future Research”,International Journal of Management Reviews,Vol.3,2001,pp.245-263。
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[39]Donald S.Van Meter and Carl E.Van Horn,“The Policy Implementation Process:A Conceptual Framework”,Administrationand Society,Vol.6,No.4,1975,pp.445-487.
1707592369
1707592370
[40]Richard E.Matland,“Synthesizing the Implementation Literature:The AmbiguityConflict Model of Policy Implementation”,Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,Vol.5,No.2,1995,pp.145-174.
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1707592372
[41]James P.Spillane et al.,“Policy Implementation and Cognition:Reframing and Refocusing Im plementation Research”,Review of Educational Research,Vol.72,No.3,2002,pp.387-431.
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1707592374
[42]Ibid.
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1707592376
[43]Ibid.
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1707592378
[44]David M.Lampton,“The Implementation Problem in PostMao China”,in David M.Lampton(ed.),Policy Implementation in Post-Mao China,Berleley:University of California Press,1987,p.3.
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[45]Christopher M.Clarke,“Changing the Context for Policy Implementation:Organizational and Personnel Reform in PostMao China”,in David M.Lampton(ed.),Policy Implementation in PostMao China,Berkeley:University of California Press,1987,pp.25-50.
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[46]代表性观点,参见王绍光、胡鞍钢:《中国国家能力报告》,辽宁人民出版社1993年版;欧树军:《国家基础能力的基础》,中国社会科学出版社2013年版。
1707592383
1707592384
[47]关于威权政府地方分权化的系统量化研究,参见Pierre F.Landry,Decentralized Authoritarianism:The Communist Partys Control of Local Elites in the PostMao Era,New York:Cambridge University Press,2008。
1707592385
1707592386
[48]周雪光:《威权体制与有效治理:当代国家治理的制度逻辑》,载《开放时代》,2011年第10期。
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1707592388
[49]Kevin J.OBrien and Liangjiang Li,“Selective Policy Implementation in Rural China”,Comparative Politics,Vol.31,No.2,1999,pp.167-186.
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