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1707592390
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1707592392
[51]周黎安:《中国地方官员的晋升锦标赛模式研究》,载《经济研究》,2007年第7期。
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1707592394
[52]Ciqi Mei,Brings the Politics Back in:Political Incentive and Policy Distortion in China,Ph.D dissertation,Maryland University,2009.
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1707592396
[53]荣敬本等主编:《从压力型体制向民主合作体制的转变:县乡两级政治体制改革》,中央编译出版社1998年版;杨雪冬:《压力型体制:一个概念的简明史》,载《社会科学》,2012年第11期。
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1707592398
[54]参见周黎安:《转型中的地方政府:官员激励与治理》,格致出版社2008年版。此外,周黎安和王娟在有关清代时期海关治理的个案研究中进一步阐述了这一思路,并详细比较了行政逐级发包制和雇佣制之间治理差异的四个方面:行政权分配、财政与预算控制、考核评估与雇员激励。
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1707592400
[55]曹正汉:《中国上下分治的治理体制及其稳定机制》,载《社会学研究》,2011年第1期。
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1707592402
[56]周雪光、练宏:《中国政府的治理模式——一个“控制权”理论》,载《社会学研究》,2012年第5期。
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1707592404
[57]周雪光:《威权体制与有效治理:当代国家治理的制度逻辑》,载《开放时代》,2011年第10期。
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1707592406
[58]Yongshun Cai,“Power Structure and Regime Resilience:Contentious Politics in China”,British Journal of Political Science,Vol.38,2008,pp.411-432.
1707592407
1707592408
[59]详细研究,参见曹正汉、周杰:《社会风险与地方分权——中国在食品安全监管上实行地方分级管理的原因》,载《社会学研究》,2013年第1期。周汉华:《地方政府负总责制度评析》,载《国家行政学院学报》,2009年第3期。
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1707592410
[60]Rodger A.Payne,“Freedom and the Environment”,Journal of Democracy,Vol.6,No.3,1995,pp.41-55.
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1707592412
[61]Margarethe Winslow,“Is Democracy Good for the Environment?”,Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,Vol.48,No.5,2005,pp.771-783.
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1707592414
[62]Quan Li and Rafael Reuveny,“Democracy and Environmental Degradation”,International Studies Quarterly,Vol.50,2006,pp.935-956.
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1707592416
[63]Scott Barret and Kathryn Graddy,“Freedom,Growth and the Environment”,Environment and Development Economics,Vol.5,2000,pp.433-456.
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1707592418
[64]Per Frediksson et al.,“Environmentalism,Democracy and Pollution Control”,Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,Vol.49,2005,pp.343-365.
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1707592420
[65]Quan Li and Rafael Reuveny,“Democracy and Environmental Degradation”,International Studies Quarterly,Vol.50,2006,pp.935-956.
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1707592422
[66]Eric Neumayer,“Do Democracies Exhibit Stronger International Environmental Commitment?A Cross Country Analysis”,Journalof Peace Research,Vol.39,No.2,2002,pp.139-164.
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1707592424
[67]Quan Li and Rafael Reuveny,“Democracy and Environmental Degradation”,International Studies Quarterly,Vol.50,2006,pp.935-956.
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1707592426
[68]Manus Midlarsky,“Democracy and the Environment:An Empirical Assessment”,Journal of Peace Research,Vol.35,1998,pp.341-361.
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[69]Lyle Scruggs,“Democracy and Environmental Protection:An Empirical Analysis”,paper presented to the 67th Annual National Conference of the Midwest Political Science Association,the Palmer House Hilton,Chicago,IL.,2009.
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1707592430
[70]代表性文献,参见Graham Smith,Deliberative Democracy and the Environment,London:Routledge,2003;Walter E.Baber and Robert Bartlett,Deliberative Environmental Politics:Democracy and Ecological Rationality,Cambridge,MA,MIT Press,2005。
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1707592432
[71]Robert Heilbroner,An Inquiry into the Human Prospect,New York:Norton,1974.
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1707592434
[72]William Ophuls,Ecologyand the Politics of Scarcity:Prologue to A Political Theory of the Steady State,San Francisco:WH Freeman and Co.,1977.
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1707592436
[73]David Shearman and Joseph Wayne Smith,The Climate Change Challenge and the Failure of Democracy,Westport:Praeger,2007.
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1707592438
[74]〔澳〕马克·比森:《环境威权主义的到来》,载俞可平主编:《中国治理评论》第2辑,中央编译出版社2012年版,第151—173页。
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