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明星学者尼尔·弗格森引发争议
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尼尔·弗格森的新书《文明：西方与其余地方》（以下简称《文明》）[28]和他以往的许多著作一样引发争议。2011年11月，印度裔英国左翼作家潘卡·米什拉在《伦敦书评》上发表长篇书评《小心这个人》[29]，尖锐批评弗格森的“白人文明优越论”。弗格森随即投书抗议，言称米什拉歪曲他的观点并影射他为“种族主义者”，要求为这一诽谤道歉。《伦敦书评》在通信版面发表了双方的两次交锋文字，仍不可开交。最后弗格森声称要诉诸法律。[30]
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弗格森1964年出生于英国，毕业于牛津大学，先后在剑桥大学和牛津大学任教。2002年移居美国，前两年在纽约大学商学院教授金融历史，后在哈佛大学历史系和商学院担任讲座教授。在过去十五年间，他发表了十四部著作，其中五部被制作成系列纪录片在BBC第四频道等媒体播出。2004年他被《时代》周刊选为世界上最有影响的百名人物之一。此外，弗格森多年前就预言了美国会发生严重的金融危机，还发明了“中美国”（Chimerica）这一广为流传的新术语。
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弗格森是高调而雄辩的新保守派史学家。他对帝国历史的阐述常被左翼批评者认为是“为殖民主义招魂”和“宣扬西方文明优越论”。他对此几乎直言不讳。他将《文明》一书题献给新婚的第二任妻子阿亚安·希尔西·阿里（出生在索马里的荷兰政治活动家，《流浪者》一书的作者），并在序言中写到，阿里“比我认识的任何人都更理解西方文明的真实含义，以及西方文明仍然必须为这个世界提供什么”。《文明》实际上是他更早的《帝国》和《巨人》的通俗版本，试图解释为什么西方从1500年左右能够统治世界，其核心论点是西方文明有六个“杀手锏”，即竞争、科学、民主、医学、消费主义和职业伦理。但他也推测西方对世界的统治可能会走向终结。
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注释
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[1] Rebecca Costa, “Acclaimed Political Scientist, Francis Fukuyama, Forecasted Arab Uprising During Clinton Years”(http://rebeccacosta.com/press/francis-fukuyama).
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[2] James Robertson,“Francis Fukuyama Interview,” The Listener, Issue 3710, June 18, 2011 (http:// www.listener.co.nz/commentary/francis-fukuyama-intervie/).
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[3] Larry Diamond, “A Fourth Wave or False Start? Democracy After the Arab Spring,” May 22, 2011 (http://www.foreignaffairs.com).
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[4] Noam Chomsky,“The Arab World Is on Fire,” In These Times, February 3, 2011 (http://www.inthesetimes.com/article/6911/the_arab_world_is_on_fire/).
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[5] Jean-Luc Nancy,“What the Arab Peoples Signify to Us,” Libération, March 28, 2011. Gilbert Leung译成英文：http://www.versobooks.com/blogs/455-what-the-arab-peoples-signify-to-usby-jean-luc-nancy。
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[6] “An Open Letter from Alain Badiou to Jean-Luc Nancy,” April 4, 2011 (http://www.versobooks.com/blogs/463-alain-badious-open-letter-to-jean-luc-nancy).
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[7] Samir Amin,“An Arab Springtime?” Monthly Review, June 2, 2011 (http://monthlyreview.org/commentary/2011-an-arab-springtime).
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[8] Perry Anderson, “On the Concatenation in the Arab World,” New Left Review 68, March-April 2011.
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[9] Michael Kimmelman, “In Protest, the Power of Place,” New York Times, October 15, 2011.
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[10] “Cornel West on Occupy Wall Street: It’s the Makings of a U.S. Autumn Responding to the Arab Spring,” September 29, 2011（http://www.democracynow.org）.
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[11] Joseph E. Stiglitz, “Of the 1%, by the 1%, for the 1%,” Vanity Fair, May 2011.
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[12] “Stiglitz Speaks at Occupy Wall Street” (http://bwog.com/2011/10/03/stiglitz-speaks-at-occupywall-street/).
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[13] Paul Krugman,“Confronting the Malefactors,” New York Times, October 6, 2011; Paul Krugman, “Panic of the Plutocrats,” New York Times, October 9, 2011.
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[14] Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, “The Fight for‘Real Democracy’at the Heart of Occupy Wall Street,” October 11, 2011 (http://www.foreignaffairs.com/).
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[15] “Slavoj Žižek speaks at Occupy Wall Street: Don’t Fall in Love with Yourselves”(http://www.imposemagazine.com/bytes/slavoj-zizek-at-occupy-wall-street-transcript).
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[16] Gideon Rachman, “2011, the Year of Global Indignation,” August 29, 2011(http://www.ft.com/).
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[17] Andrew Whitehead, “Eric Hobsbawm on 2011: ‘It Reminds Me of 1848…’,” BBC World Service News, December 23, 2011 (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-16217726).
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[18] Lawrence Lessig, Republic, Lost: How Money Corrupts Congress—and a Plan to Stop It, Grand Central Publishing, 2011.
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[19] “Conference on the Constitutional Convention” (Harvard Law School, September 24–25, 2011), http://conconcon.org/.
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[20] Francis Fukuyama, “The Future of History: Can Liberal Democracy Survive the Decline of the Middle Class?” Foreign Affairs, January/February 2012.
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