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英文疑难详解 10.属格代名词的绝对型,反身属格的用法
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“她有点私房钱。”一句话,为什么不可以译成 She has some her own property.而必须要译作 She has some property of her own.才对?
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【解答】英文的属格代名词原有两种形态,一是说出名词的,一是不说出名词的,前者为普通型,后者称绝对型( Absolute Form)。如 Your house is larger than mine (=my house).用了绝对型的 mine,就可避免重复说 house 一个名词了。当那名词前面用有 a,any,some,no,this,that 等字样时,这个绝对型常要用在 of 之后,而构成英文的双重属格( Double Possessive),例如:
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A friend of mine is desirous of seeing your house.(我的一个朋友想要看看你的屋子。)
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That is no business of yours.(那不关你的事。)
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That was a shocking mistake of yours.(那是你的一个大错。)
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Where did you buy that watch of yours?(你那只表是哪里买的?)
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May I look at this photograph-album of yours?(你的这本照相簿我可以看看吗?)
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如果不用代名词而改用名词的时候,就要在名词上附加 Apostrophe “s”,才能同样地表示出属格来,例如:
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Any friend of my brother’s is welcome.(任何一位我兄弟的朋友我都欢迎他来。)
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It was no fault of the doctor’s.—— Irving(那不是医生的过错。)
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Which house of your neighbour’s was burnt down?(你附近的哪一幢房子烧掉了?)
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That really beautiful speech of your husband’s.(你丈夫说的真够漂亮的话。)
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反身属格( Reflexive Possessive)的 my own,your own,his own 等,也是采用这种形式,当那名词前面附有 a,any,some,no,this,that 一类的字眼时,尤其是与动词 have 同用的时候,例如:
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He has no house of his own。(他没有自己的房子。)
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She has no children of her own.(她没有亲生的儿女。)
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Has she any money of her own?(她自己有钱吗?)
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That boy has a will of his own.(那孩子有自己的意志。)
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I have some reasons of my own for wishing to do so.(我想要这样做是有我自己的理由的。)
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Among the languages which we describe as foreign, French holds a position of its own.(在我们形容为外国文的各种语文当中,法文有它独特的地位。)
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在双重属格时,我们一定要说 a friend of my brother’s,因为我们不能说 My brother’s a friend 或 a my brother’s friend.在反身属格时,我们不能说 He has a (或 no) his own house.一定要说 He has a (或 no)house of his own.也不能说 She has not any her own property.而一定要说 She has not any property of her own.也不能说 I have some my own reasons.而一定要说 I have some reasons of my own.这都是为着要避免指示代名词与属格代名词连在一起的关系。
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如果名词前没有 a,any,no,this 等字,而又不用 have(=be the owner of)动词的话,则 my own 是可以置于名词前面的,如云: This is not my own house.(这不是我自己的房子。)又如果 have 不作 be the owner of 解时,也还是可以不采用“of+反身代名词”的形式,如 Each country has (=keeps)its own customs.(各国各有其不同的风俗。)风俗不是一种物质,不能有“所有权”的。
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英文疑难详解 11.抽象名词用作普通名词
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