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英文疑难详解 35.无冠词的普通名词加 enough 的用法
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He was fool enough to marry her.一句中,在 fool 前,为什么没有冠词?请将理由说明。
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【解答】上举英文句意为“他愚笨得竟和那个女人结了婚。”或“他和那个女人结婚,真是愚不可及。”句中的 fool 一字,并不是指具体的人,而是表示名词 fool 所包含的那种性质,实际就是等于形容词的 foolish,正如说 He is no fool= He is very clever 句中 fool 的用法一样,不是指的“愚人”而是指的“愚笨”。这种前无不定冠词下接 enough 的表现法,都不是指人而是指事,字典上和文法书上没有说明,初学者应特别注意。现再举例如下:
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He was not man (=manly)enough to admit his mistake.(他不像大丈夫一般肯认错。)
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I am not philosopher enough to think out a solution to this problem.(我没有足够明哲的思考力对这个问题想出一个解决的办法来。)
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I am not poet enough to have such sentiments.(我没有发生那种情绪的诗心。)
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He was gentleman enough to help her.(他够绅士派头地帮助了那个女子。)
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He was scholar enough to read the inscription.(他有足够的学识能读懂那个碑文。)
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He was not blunderer enough to repeat his mistake.(他不贰过。)
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英文疑难详解 36.young enough 和 old enough
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She is young enough to get married.和 She is old enough to get married.两句在意义上有何不同?
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【解答】 She is old enough to get married.意为“及笄之年”,即女孩子长到十五六岁可以结婚了。至于 She is young enough to get married.则是指四十岁前后的女人,还够年轻可以结婚。至于说 She is too young to get married.意思便是“她太年轻还不能结婚”。这句话如果不用 too…to…,而换用…enough to…的造句法时,不能说 She is not young enough to get married,而要说 She is not old enough to get married.才对。因为 not young enough 是指“不够年轻”意即太老了,说 not old enough 才是说年纪太小,还没有到结婚的年龄。初学者必须注意由 too…to 改成 enough to 时,是要用相反的形容词的,但是用 so…that 时,就和 enough to 一样,如:
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You are old enough to understand such things.= You are so old that you can understand such things.(你的年龄已经够大了,应该能够了解这些事情。)
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英文疑难详解 37.不可以说 I am glad enough to see you
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为要强调 I am glad to see you.一句,只能说 I am very glad to see you.为什么不能说 I am glad enough to see you.呢?
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【解答】作副词用的 enough,并不是在所有的形容词后都可以用的,通常后面可采用 enough 的形容词有 bad,brave,careless,clever,courageous,cruel,dangerous,foolish,good,high,honest,imprudent,kind,large,long,low,old,old-fashioned,patient,poor,prudent,rich,sensible,shrewed,silly,strong,tall,weak,well,wide,wise,young 等等。
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在形容词与不定词之间,在什么场合要用 enough,在什么场合不要用 enough,有一条这样的规则可以应用:凡是可以用“so…as to…”的场合,就可以用 enough,否则,就不要用 enough,例如:
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We are so old as to be able to study for ourselves.(我们的年龄够大,可以自己读书了。)
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这句话就可以用 enough 来说:
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We are old enough to be able to study for ourselves.但在质问中所举出的例句,就不能说: I am so glad as to see you.所以也不能说 I am glad enough to see you.在上面举出的那些形容词是两种说法可以通用的,如:
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Will you be kind enough to tell me the way?= Will you be so kind as to tell me the way?但要注意的,是这二者虽可通用,却不能混用,你不可以说 Will you be kind enough as to tell me the way?
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