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英文疑难详解 60.We had heavy rain 和 We had a heavy rain
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(a) We had a heavy rain last night.
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(b) We had heavy rain last night.
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上面这两句话,一句有冠词,一句没有,是否可要可不要?
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【解答】原则上 rain,snow,wind 等是物质名词,是不可以加不定冠词的,不过如有形容词的话,也可以加上冠词,并不为错。文法家说明是由于形容词的关系,而分别出大雨、小雨、霪雨、甘雨等等情况来,加上不定冠词,正可表示“一场”的意思。
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问句中所举出的两个例句,意义并不一样,冠词并非可有可无。句首不说 We had,而说 There was 也成:
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(a) There was a heavy rain last night.
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(b) There was heavy rain last night.
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(a)句的意思是“昨夜下了一场大雨”。(b)句的意思是“昨夜下了大雨”。一般字典上举例多是用的(a)句,不过(b)句的说法,是把重点放在“持续不断地下了大雨”一点上的。再看:
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(a) We had a heavy snow last year.
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(b) We had heavy snow last year.
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(a)是说去年曾下过一场大雪,(b)是说去年冬天下了很大的雪。
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英文疑难详解 61.go to school 和 go to the school
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“上学”一词译成英文为 go to school.在学校这字的前面不可以加冠词,说 go to the school 就错了,但为什么说 I’ll go to the school to tell him.(我到学校里去告诉他。)又可以加冠词呢?
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【解答】一个普通名词用作抽象的意味时,每每要把定冠词略去。学校的抽象意味是施教,从学生方面来看是去求学,去读书。所以英文解释这种作用时说:the training given in a school,education.(在学校所给的训练,也就是教育。)在这种情况之下,在 school 前是不要加 the 的。例如:
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We go to school in order to learn.(我们为学习而上学。)
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He goes to school by bus every day.(他每天坐公共汽车上学。)
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My brothers are at school.(我兄弟都在读书。)
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You send a boy to school.(你送孩子上学。)
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Have you ever attended school?(你进过学校没有?)
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He left school very young.(他很早就辍学了。)
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They come home from school at three.(他们三点钟放学回家。)
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Come home directly after school.(放学后立刻回家。)
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