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英文疑难详解 96.用 will,would 表示现在推量
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You will be Miss Cook, I suppose.(你是柯小姐吧。)一语,分明是指现在,为什么不说现在动词的 are,而要用未来动词的 will be 呢?
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【解答】这是从未来用法变化出来的,早已不含有未来的意思,而只是表示现在的推测,在日用英语中用得很多。例如:
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This will be our train, I fancy.(我想这就是我们要坐的车。)
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Will they be able to hear at such a distance?(离得这样远,他们能听得见吗?)
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This’ll be the house we are looking for.(这大概就是我们要寻找的屋子。)
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It will be snowing now in London?(伦敦现在正下着雪吧?)
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There is a ring at the door. It will be Father.(门铃有响。是父亲回来了。)
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He is waiting for us downstairs. He will be wondering where we are.—— Walpole(他在楼下等待我们。他会觉得奇怪不晓得我们到哪里去了。)
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过去时的 would,也同样有此用法:
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I suppose she would be about fifty when she died.(我想她死时已有五十岁了。)
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Would you be to hear at such a distance?(离得这样远,你能听见吗?)
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I don’t know who it would be.(不晓得那到底是谁呀?)
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I thought that it would be just as well that I should not be disrespectful in the future.(我觉得最好还是不要在将来有所失敬。)
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如用“will+have+过去分词”的形式,就是对现在完成时的推测,或是对过去的推测,如:
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You will have heard the news.(那消息你一定听到了吧。)
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He will have left his house before you arrive there.(在你到达那里之前,他早已离开了他的家里吧。)
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You will have seen from my postcard that I was at Oxford.(你从我的明信片上就可以看得出来我曾到牛津去了的。)
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英文疑难详解 97.ought to 的用法
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英文助动词 ought 意为有义务,如“人民有爱国的义务”。可译成 People ought to love their country.但另见有句云: He ought to have succeeded.成败非个人意志所能左右,更无义务可言,请就此种用法,加以阐述。
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【解答】助动词 ought,原为动词 owe 的过去式,现在英文已将 owed 用作 owe 的过去式了,而让 ought 专作助动词,用于表义务( Duty 或 Obligation)的直觉的意义上,尤其是“道义上当然应做的事”(moral obligation)。动词 owe 现在主要含义虽为“负债”,但仍可作“负有(义务)”解,如 We owe our duty to our country.(我们对国家应尽义务。)我们用 should 也可表道义上应做的事,不过用 ought 则表示最强烈的义务观念。
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You ought to respect your parents.(你应当尊敬父母。)
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One ought to pay what one owes.(欠别人的钱有归还的义务。)
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