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1704792601 英文疑难详解 [:1704787103]
1704792602 英文疑难详解 112.美国话中的现在分词的用法
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1704792604 美国话中用现在分词来造句的极多,请举例说明其用法。
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1704792606 【解答】英文用法中许多动名词( Gerund),到美国话中好像都变成现在分词( Present Participle)了。美国话喜欢省略介词,动名词前的介词一经略去,那动名词就变成现在分词了。因此,这种分词的用法,在美国话中特别发达。当然,除此之外,还有从其他转变来的分词也不为少。兹分为四类,例解如下:
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1704792608 (1)省去介词而变成分词的:
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1704792610 (a)省去 in 的:
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1704792612 We made much better time going east (=in going east)than we had made going west.—— Day: Life with Father(我们向东去比我们原来的西行走得更快。)make time=go fast.
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1704792614 …the arched and overhanging rigging,where they had just been engaged securing (=engaged in securing)a spar…—— Melville: Moby Dick(拱形地悬在上面的船的缆索,他们刚在那儿装好了一根帆桅。)
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1704792616 (b)省去 by 的:
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1704792618 Most people just ruin scissors trying (=by trying)to sharpen’em.—— Steinbeck: The Chrysanthemums(大多数的人想要把剪刀磨快,结果都磨坏了。)
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1704792620 He started in stealing (=by stealing)sheep and horses and ended up robbing (=by robbing)stages.—— Steinbeck: The Pastures of Heaven(他开始是偷羊偷马,最后就去偷驿马车了。)
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1704792622 (c)省去 with 的:
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1704792624 When he was through talking (=through with talking)he got up and went to his own desk.—— Saroyan: The Human Comedy(当他讲完了,他就站起身来,走向他自己的书桌去了。)句中的 through 是副词,不是介词,he was through(他做完了)加现在分词的 talking 为原有的造句,如改为 he was through with talking,则 talking 当然变成一个动名词了。
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1704792626 When we had got through eating (=got through with eating)we would go look at our two horses.—— Anderson: The Man Who Became a Woman(等我们吃完了饭,我们就要去看我们那两匹马。)get through=finish (vi.);get through with=finish (vt.).
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1704792628 Will you never be done getting(=be done with getting)me into trouble.—— L. M. Montgomery: Anne of Avonlea(你决不要把我卷入漩涡。)be done=finish (vi.);be done with=finish (vt.)
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1704792630 (d)省去 of 的:
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1704792632 What’s the use talking (=of talking)?—— Anderson: Poor White(空谈有什么用?)
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1704792634 What’s the good bragging (of bragging)?—— Ibid(瞎吹有什么用?)
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1704792636 (2)代替不定词而用的分词:
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1704792638 (a)美国话常爱用现在分词来代替表示目的的不定词,主要是用在动词 go 和 come 的后面,用在其他动词后面当然也行:
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1704792640 Don’t go over there doing (=to do)anything like that.—— Caldwell: Country Full of Swedes(不要到那边去做任何那一类的事。)
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1704792642 Pappy ran out to the gate and told him not to come fooling (=to fool)around there no more.—— Faulkner: Soldier’s Pay(巴匹跑出到大门口去,叫他不要再到这儿来游荡。)
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1704792644 Don’t bother answering (=to answer)this.—— J. G. Huneker(不必麻烦回信。)
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1704792646 (b)美国话的 get talking 及 get starting 等也用以代替 get to talk 及 get to start 而流行着。这个 get+-ing 的形式还可以应用到别的动词上:
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1704792648 We got talking about a matter just before I left.—— Howells: The Rise of Silas Lapham(在我要离开的时候,我们曾谈论到一件事。)
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1704792650 I’ve got them all talking about noses,haven’t I?—— Saroyan: The Human Comedy(我使得他们都在谈论鼻子。)
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