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英文疑难详解 113.want 和 need 后接动名词或不定词
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“这机器要修理了。”一句话,译成英文的: The machine wants being repaired.据说是错误的,请予改正,并详细说明理由。
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【解答】应改正为 The machine wants repairing.英文的 Gerund 和 Infinitive 的用法,意思分明是被动的,文字却要用自动的来表达,如云“中头奖很难”,则说 The first prize is very difficult to win.(意思当然是 to be won)。例题中说的机器要修理,当然是机器被人修理,可是英文却要用自动的 repairing,不可以说被动的 being repaired.
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动名词和不定词的用法常有不同。他动词的 want 后面接动名词时,尽管意思是被动的,字面一定要用自动的形式,如:
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My shoes want mending.(我的皮鞋要修理了。)
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It wants careful handling.(这个要小心处理。)
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These boxes want numbering.(这些箱子需要编号。)
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不用动词 want,而改用动词 need 也是一样的,如:
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This house needs repairing.(这屋子要修理了。)又:
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This chapter needs rewriting.(这一章要重新写过。)又谚语:
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The best horse needs breaking,and the aptest child needs teaching.(即使是最好的马也需要加以驯服,即使是最聪明的孩子也需要加以教导。)
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这些句中 needs 后接的 Gerund 都不能改为 Passive Voice,也和 want 后接的 Gerund 一样。
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在 want 或是 need 后除接用 Gerund 外,还可以接用 Infinitive,这个 Infinitive,就不像动名词之限于自动,它是自动被动都可以的。如果主语是人的话,就可接自动或被动的不定词;主语是物的话,就只能接被动的不定词了。例如:
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He wants to buy a watch.(他要买一只表。)
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You want to have your tooth out.(你该把你的牙齿叫人拔掉。)
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One wants to be very careful in handling poisons.(处理毒药要特别当心。)
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He wants to be notified beforehand.(他要预先收到通知。)
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Children want to be whipped.(小孩子不打不成器。)
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It wants to be handled with care.(这要小心处理。)
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The machine wants to be repaired.(机器要修理)
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The watch needs to be wound up.(表要开了。)
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This sentence needs to be explained.(这个句子需要加以解释。)
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You need to explain this sentence.(你得把这个句子解释一下。)
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This chapter needs to be rewritten.(这一章要重新写过。)
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英国的用法在 want 后可接名词、动名词或不定词,如:
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