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英文疑难详解 125.except 和 excepting 的分别
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英文的 except 和 excepting 两字都是介词,不知用法上有何不同?又在 except 之后,有时要再加一个 for 字,有时不要,不知有何规定?
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【解答】作介词用的 except,比介词 but 的意味较强,更为积极,例如:
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Everyone is ready except you.(大家都准备好,只等你。)
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He works every day except Sunday.(除礼拜天以外,他每天都要工作。)
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此字作介词用时,后面不但可接名词或代名词,而且可接介词或副词,例如:
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He has always been in good health except in the past few days.(他一向都是很健康的,只有这几天有点不舒服。)
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He has always been in good health except quite recently.(他除了最近几天之外,一向都是很健康的。)
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又可接用 that 及 when 等引导的子句,如:
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He has always been in good health except that he has had a slight headache in the past few days.(他除了过去几天略为有点头痛以外,一向都是很健康的。)
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He has always been in good health except when he had a slight headache.(他除了略为有点头痛的时候以外,一向都是很健康的。)
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有时在 except 后还可以接不定词,如:
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He could do little except write.(他除了写以外,什么都不行。)在 do 后省略了 to write 的 to,这和 I did nothing but go home.的情形一样。
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至于 except 与 except for 在用法上的区别,有人说否定句用单独的 except,肯定句则用 except for,不过同一含义若将否定字换去,而改用别的说法时,也就算是肯定了,例如:
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She has nothing on except a Bikini suit.(她除了三点式泳装以外,什么也没有穿。)
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She is naked except for a Bikini suit.(她除了三点式泳装以外是裸体的。)
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He has no clothing except a loin-cloth.(他除了一个围腰外没有穿衣服。)
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He is naked except for a loin-cloth.(他除了一个围腰外是裸体的。)
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This book has no blunders except a few mistakes.(这本书除了一点小错之外没有大错。)
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This book is interesting except for a few blunders.(这本书除了有些错误之外,是很有趣味的。)
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不过这种区别并不够分明,最显著的是:前后有相称的同类语时就用 except,否则用 except for,例如:
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We come to school every day except Sunday.(我们除星期天外天天到校上课。)句中 every day 与 Sunday 为相称的同类语。
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They all went there except me.(他们都到那里去了,只有我没有去。)句中 they 与 me 为相称的同类语。
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I looked everywhere except in the bathroom.(除浴室外我什么地方都看过了。)句中 everywhere 与 in the bathroom 为相称的同类语。
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Lionhead Hill has nothing to see except its old temples.(狮头山除古庙外没有什么可看的。)句中 nothing to see 与 its old temples 为相称的同类语,如改说成 Lionhead Hill is not worth seeing except for its old temples.(狮头山除古庙外没有值得看的。)句中 not worth seeing 与 its old temples 不相称,非同类语,所以要用 except for.又如:
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