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105 Aspect
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aspect是一个语法名词,可译作“体”。英语中主要有三种体,一种是完成体(perfective aspect),下面句子的画线部分都是完成体:
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I have already finished the work.我已完成了这项工作。
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We got to the station after the train had left.我们抵达车站时火车已经开了。
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If we had got there a little earlier, we’d have caught the train.如果我们早点儿到那儿,就赶上火车了。
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By tomorrow we’ll have got home.明天我们就已到家了。
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You may have left the key in the office.你可能把钥匙留在办公室了。
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I am (was) sorry to have missed the lecture.我很遗憾误了这堂课。
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She regrets (regretted) having abandoned the plan.她懊悔放弃了这个计划。
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一种是进行体(progressive aspect),下面句子中的画线部分都属于进行体:
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Nora is singing.诺拉在唱歌。
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I was reading a novel yesterday.昨晚我在看一本小说。
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I’ll be seeing you next week.下星期见你。
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She may be waiting for us.她可能在等我们。
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I’m glad to be working for you.很高兴为你们工作。
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还有一种完成进行体,下面句子中的画线部分就是完成进行体:
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I’ve been writing a letter.我一直在写信。
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The fire had been burning all night.火着了一夜。
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You should have been looking after the baby.你这段时间是应当照看孩子的。
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时间和体交织在一起,就构成各种时态,与上面三种体相对的是简单体:
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106 assist
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assist表示“帮助”:
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John had come home to assist his father.约翰回家来帮助他的父亲。
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