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英语动词词组（1）
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英语动词词组，是让英语的表达栩栩如生的关键所在，同时，也是用小词表达大意思的基础。一个对英语动词词组掌握得比较好的人，其说出来的英语不但会很地道，而且也会很贴切。然而，对于许多人来讲，学习英语动词词组是一件比较头疼的事情，因为英语动词词组能够派生出许多含义，足以让人眼花缭乱。我的建议是，对于一些很常用的词，要下点工夫，研究与其相应的动词词组，并找出一些相应的例句，强化自己对这些动词词组的认识。下面以pay（支付）这个词为例，解释一下如何学习动词词组。
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Pay衍生出来的动词词组，主要有两个。一个是pay back，另外一个是pay off。
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pay back就是我们常说的“还款”，例如：You owe me money. When are you going to pay me back？（你欠我的钱什么时候还？）。这种还债的意思，又引申出类似报答或报复的寓意，如：He intends to pay back everyone who has wronged him！（他要报复那些冤枉他的人！）或I hope one day I’ll be able to pay you back your hospitality.（我希望我有一天能报答你的盛情。）
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我这样的解释，大家觉得好记吗？应该是好记的。Pay就是支付，而pay back就是还钱，根据有借就有还的思路，可将pay back用作报答的意思，也可以用作报复的意思。
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下面，我们说说pay off。pay off与pay back一样，有还钱的意思。但pay off强调的是“还清”。这一层意思，大家一定要记清楚。例如，I can’t pay you off until Wednesday（我要到周三才能把你的钱还清。）又例：This month I’ll pay the car off.（这个月，我会把车款还清的。）pay off有两个衍生的含义，基本上是一贬一褒。一个是“贿赂”，如He asked me if I had paid the cops off yet.（他问我是否给警察上供了。）另外一个是“产生效益”，如My investment in those stocks has really paid off.（我对这些股票的投资的确有收益。）又例：The time I spent in school paid off in later years.（上学读书使我今后受益。）
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大家可以试试上述方法，看看对你理解英语动词词组是否有帮助。
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He had gone bright red，and even though he had loosened his collar it didn’t help.His half-undone shirt and flapping tie made him look even more pissed than he really was.
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他的脸涨得通红，即使松开领口也无济于事。他那解开了一半的衬衫和左右摆动的领带使他看上去比原来的他还要糟糕。
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The thing is，the Frenchy answered him back. As good as told him to piss off.
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问题是那个法国佬回敬了他，实际上就是叫他滚开。
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【注：piss off有离开和走开的意思，如：She does it all day and then pisses off at five thirty.她做了一整天后，在五点三十分时离开了。但在实际生活中，piss off不宜随便用，因为人们常常用其表达一种不高兴的心情，如：Why don’t you just piss off—you’ve caused enough problems already！你干吗还不走，你惹的麻烦还不够多吗！同时要注意的是，当用piss someone off的句型时，意思就发生了变化，成为“让人生气”的含义，如：He really pissed me off！他真的让我很生气。】
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Outside was pitch black.January was always a dark month. The days were short and the nights long.
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外面一片漆黑。一月份黑得早，昼短夜长。
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【又例：The dawn had not yet penetrated the woods and the road was still pitch dark.曙光还未透进林子，路上仍是一片漆黑。】
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It’s time you pitched in with the Christmas preparations.
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这是大家开始忙乎圣诞节准备工作的时候。
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【注：pitch in指的是参与群体工作，特别是做一些有益的事情，如：When he bought the house，I and my friends pitched in to fix it up.他买房时，我和我的朋友都帮他装修来着。又如：She pitched in with an offer of transport.她说她要为大伙提供车。值得一提的是，pitch in是一个很能表达自己愿意参加大家的活动，并为之作贡献的词组。尽管在汉语中没有很固定的对应意思，但大家应该学会使用该词组，因为用了它会产生一种热情的态度。】
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Washington was divided in a pitched battle，and the Democrats and the Republicans seemed to operate according to kind of a rule of combat that went something like this：I’ve got an idea，you’ve got an idea.Let’s fight，maybe we’ll get on the evening news.
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华盛顿被分成两大派，相互对阵。民主党和共和党好像遵循着这样一种战规：我有我的想法，你有你的想法，如果我们打起来了，说不定我们就可以上晚间新闻了。
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addressing the pitfalls and benefits of such approaches
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谈谈这类方法的利弊
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I thought he looked familiar but couldn’t place him.
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我觉得他面熟，就是想不起来他是谁。【注：place在这里有“辨认”的意思。】
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“What happened between Jack and his mother？”she asked.“I need to know.”Glancing furtively to where the two men were still talking，Maureen answered，“Sure， it’s Jack’s place to tell you.”
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