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4 翻译教学首先应该是美育
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Winner and Loser
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赢者和输者
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古希腊哲学家早就重视美育的重要作用，柏拉图说：“应该寻求一些有本领的艺术家，把自然的优美方面描绘出来，使我们的青年们像住在风和日暖的地带一样，四周一切都对健康有益，天天耳濡目染于优美的作品，像从一种清幽境界呼吸一阵清风，来呼吸它们的好影响，使他们不知不觉地从小就培养起对于美的爱好，并且培养起融美于心灵的习惯。”〔1〕
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柏拉图的这段议论给我们的启示是：站在翻译讲台上的教师，是否也应该成为柏拉图所说的“有本领的艺术家”？是否也应该在翻译教学的过程中注意培养学生“对于美的爱好，并且培养起融美于心灵的习惯”？简言之，即是否也应该注重美育导入翻译教学？
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当然，翻译教学应该向学生演示翻译的基本原理、方法、技巧及英汉语的表达规律和特征。但美育也完全应该在翻译教学中占一席之地！
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居里夫人曾经说过，科学试验本身就是一种美。翻译教学，乃至翻译实践，则更应该是一种美。
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整体提高学生的翻译理论与实践的水平，令我们的翻译教学上一台阶，足下之路，何止一条！但是，在翻译教学中如何融入美育，是我国译界和教育界应该认真思索的问题。
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2002年全国英语专业八级考试英译汉部分的全文（要求翻译斜体字部分）如下：
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The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.
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Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.
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Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don’t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.
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Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.
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本段文字（9句，154个单词）议论有个性，语言有文采，符合《高校英语专业八级考试大纲（修订本）》之规定：英译汉项目要求应试者运用英译汉的理论和技巧，翻译英美报刊杂志上有关政治、经济、历史、文化等方面的论述文以及文学原著的节录。
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现逐句分析如下：
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Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others.
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本段的主题句。从汉语的表达习惯观之，句子欲止还说，拖沓赘述！然而，这正是英语句法特征之一，浓郁的英语味由此得以散发。
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【考生译文】
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a．成功者并不刻意按照想象中理想模式去生活。不把自己的精力浪费在装腔作势、哄骗别人和表现自己上，而是活出真正的自己。
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b．成功者不会致力于想象之人生，相反，他们追求真实的自我。因此，他们既不挖空心思刻意做秀，也不装腔作势或者颐指气使。
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c．赢家不会置身于一种概念，去想象他们“理当”成为何种人；相反，他们按人性行事。因此，他们不会费神地装模做样、故作姿态、玩弄他人。
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d．胜利者是不会按照想象的样子去生活的，而是随心所欲地生活。他们不会把他们的精力都用在人前的“表演”，违心地生活和模仿他人上。
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译笔之精当与朦胧，是一对矛盾。精当为美，有时，朦胧也不失为另类美，审美的“距离说”，早为西方美学家所注意，距离造就朦胧，而朦胧也造就美。
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Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be.
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以上四译基本把握句子的意思。在表达上真可谓“各显神通”，但认真研读，便发现译文演绎有余，精当不足。
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