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14.12 由不及物动词构成的过去分词
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过去分词绝大部分由及物动词转化而来，从而具有被动意义，但也有个别的过去分词由不及物动词变化而来，具有完成意义而并无被动意味。这样的过去分词包括：
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deceased 亡故的 escaped 逃脱的 failed 失败的
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fallen 降落的 gone 离去的 grown 成熟的
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retired 退休的 returned 归来的 risen 升起的
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traveled 富有旅行经验的 vanished 消失的
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True happiness is of a retired nature.
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真正的幸福与世无争。
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Man is a fallen god who remembers the heavens.
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人是降在凡间，但仍向往天堂的神灵。
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I am slave to my habits, as are all grown men.
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我和所有成人一样，为自己的习惯所左右。
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Youth is a brief dream; when you wake up, it is gone.
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青春是一个短暂的梦；当你一觉醒来，已消失无踪。
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实践演练
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Ⅰ.找出每题中的一处错误，并加以改正。
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1. Words are unnecessary for heartfeeling wishes.
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2. Send you a blade of maple leaf wishing you a year as flourished as it.
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3. An individual human existence should be like a river—small at first, narrowly contains within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls.
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4. Unlike those left on the beach, which melt in an instant into the sand with the washing of the tide, the footprints left on the paths we have taken remain forever like casted iron and carved stone.
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5. It is a world so inanimate and silent, with the chilly and crisp air indicates that this season is not fit for fragile lives. However, there always seems to be some pleasant surprise lurking in the shade of despair. Look at that tiny white butterfly like a dancing snowflake: its tiny body whirling up and down, touching the grass lightly with a quick kiss.
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Ⅱ.使用所提供动词的正确形式填空。
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1. The dead are indifferent to slander, but the (live) can die of it.
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2. (arrive) at a decision, they immediately set to work.
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